Introduction: Launched in 2014, the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), also known as the Clean India Mission, is a national campaign aimed at eliminating open defecation and improving overall sanitation practices in India. Provisions and Initiatives: The SBM is a two-pronged mission with distinct rural and urban components: Swachh Bharat Mission …

Introduction: India, a nation undergoing rapid economic growth and urbanization, faces a critical challenge: air pollution. This invisible enemy poses a severe threat to public health, environmental sustainability, and economic productivity. Recognizing the urgency of this issue, the Government of India launched the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in January …