GS 3 – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: Union Minister of State for Environment launched ‘Nano Bubble Technology’ for cleaning and purifying water at the National Zoological Park, Delhi. About Nano Bubble Technology Nanobubbles: These are extremely small bubbles, measuring between 70-120 nanometers, which is 2,500 times smaller than a single …

GS 2 – GOVERNANCE Context: The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has raised concerns about the lack of transparency in data regarding operational Compressed Biogas (CBG) plants listed on the GOBARdhan portal. Compressed Biogas (CBG): CBG is a renewable energy source generated from organic waste, including agricultural residues, cattle …

GS 1 – ANCIENT INDIA Recent Discovery Archaeologists uncovered a mud-brick stadium and a marketplace from the Mature Harappan Phase at Rakhigarhi. Stadium Features: Precisely engineered seating arena with an inclined design for optimal viewing, indicating a sporting culture during the Harappan era. About Rakhigarhi Significance: Recognized as one of …

PRELIMS BITS Context:  Recent seaplane crash – Rottnest Island, Australia. About Rottnest Island Known as Wadjemup to the Whadjuk Noongar people, the island holds deep cultural and historical significance. It lies approximately 19 km off the coast of Fremantle, near Perth, in Western Australia. Key Features of Rottnest Island Historical Importance: …

GS 3 – DEFENCE  Context: India’s Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) has delivered the sixth Scorpene-class submarine, Vaghsheer, to the Indian Navy under Project P-75. About Scorpene-Class Submarines Scorpene-class submarines are diesel-electric attack submarines designed for: Stealth operations Anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare Intelligence gathering and area surveillance. Project P-75 Launched …