PRELIMS BITS Context: Scientists have recently issued a warning that the Indian gharial, along with five other species, could face extinction within the next five years unless urgent conservation efforts are implemented. About Indian Gharial Scientific Name: Gavialis gangeticus Common Names: Gharial, Fish-Eating Crocodile, Indian Gavial, Long-Nosed Crocodile Unique Feature: …

PRELIMS BITS Introduction Niger becomes the first African nation to eliminate onchocerciasis (river blindness), recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). Joins Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Guatemala in achieving this milestone. About Onchocerciasis Caused by a parasitic worm and transmitted through the bites of infected blackflies. Primarily affects skin and …

PRELIMS BITS Introduction Recent discovery of six close relatives of Green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), expanding the understanding of this vital spice. The international research team involved scientists from multiple countries: Denmark, India, Colombia, Czech Republic, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and the U.K. Discovery of New Cardamom Species Green cardamom was previously …

PRELIMS BITS Introduction Controversy surrounding the use of invasive fish species for mosquito control in India. National Green Tribunal’s directive for the Centre to respond regarding the release of two species: Gambusia affinis (Mosquitofish) and Poecilia reticulata (Guppy). Invasive Species Definition of invasive species: Non-native organisms that disrupt local ecosystems. …

PRELIMS BITS Introduction Overview of the NVS-02 satellite and its significance in ISRO’s space missions. Launch date and milestone: 100th ISRO launch. Launch Details Launch site: Sriharikota. Satellite series: Part of the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NVS) series. Launch execution: High precision, vehicle stages performed flawlessly. Orbit insertion: Successfully placed …

PRELIMS BITS The Union Budget 2025-26, presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on February 1, 2025, focuses on economic growth driven by agriculture, MSMEs, investments, and exports. The budget aims for a developed India by 2047 with key reforms for inclusivity and sustainability. Agriculture Initiatives Self-Sufficiency in Pulses: A 6-year …

PRELIMS BITS Overview: China’s Shenzhou-19 crew aboard the Tiangong space station successfully demonstrated “artificial photosynthesis” technology, marking a significant breakthrough in space exploration. This technology enables the production of oxygen and rocket fuel ingredients in space, crucial for future missions, including a planned crewed moon landing by 2030. Artificial Photosynthesis …

PRELIMS BITS Overview: A23a, the largest iceberg on record, recently detached from Antarctica’s Filchner Ice Shelf and is heading towards South Georgia Island. Weighing about one trillion tons and spanning 400 square miles, its movement raises concerns about ecological impacts. Background: A23a remained stationary on the ocean floor for 37 …

PRELIMS BITS  Study Overview: Recent research involving 6,400 schoolchildren in India highlights the complex relationship between genetic factors and socioeconomic status in childhood obesity. Led by Jawaharlal Nehru University’s School of Biotechnology, the study focuses on non-Caucasian populations. Study Methodology: The research used two approaches: a Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) …

PRELIMS BITS  Overview: The Golden-headed Cisticola (Cisticola exilis), a small grassland bird, was recently spotted in Mathikettan Shola National Park, Idukki, marking its first sighting in the southern Western Ghats. Characteristics: Males exhibit vibrant golden-orange plumage during the breeding season. Features a pinkish beak and black streaks on its back. …

PRELIMS BITS Overview: USAID (United States Agency for International Development) is the primary US agency responsible for managing foreign aid. Established in 1961 under President John F. Kennedy, it aims to assist in global development, disaster recovery, poverty alleviation, and democratic reforms. Funding and Distribution: In fiscal year 2023, USAID …

PRELIMS BITS Overview: The 13th Ekuverin military exercise recently began between the Indian Army and Maldives National Defence Force. It aims to enhance bilateral ties and improve operational interoperability. Background: Started in 2009; “Ekuverin” means “friends” in Dhivehi. Conducted alternately in India and the Maldives. Strengthens defence cooperation between the …