GS II- International Relations Context: Armenia and Azerbaijan have agreed to a peace treaty after nearly four decades of conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. This marks a historic resolution in the South Caucasus region. About Nagorno-Karabakh Location: A mountainous, landlocked region in the Caucasus, situated between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. …

Prelims bits Context: The Tamil Nadu government replaced the official Indian Rupee (₹) symbol with the Tamil letter “Ru” in the State Budget 2025-26, sparking a political controversy. About the Indian Rupee Symbol (₹) What is the Rupee Symbol? The ₹ symbol represents India’s economic strength and global financial identity. …

GS II-International Relations Context: India has suggested establishing a South-East Asia surveillance network to strengthen multi-source collaborative surveillance for improving responses to pandemics and health emergencies. The proposal will be presented to the 11 member nations of the WHO South-East Asia Region (SEARO) later this year for discussion and potential …

GS III-Infrastructure Overview The Indian Railways has been incorporated into the Mission Amrit Sarovar initiative to support water conservation efforts by developing and restoring ponds and water bodies nationwide. Railways’ Contribution to Water Conservation Activities Undertaken: Desilting, excavating, and constructing water bodies near railway tracks. Coordination with district authorities and …

GS II-Schemes The Ministry of Education has introduced PM-YUVA 3.0 (Young, Upcoming, and Versatile Authors), a scheme aimed at nurturing young writers under the age of 30. This initiative seeks to encourage reading, writing, and literary culture while also promoting Indian literature on a global scale. Key Features Objective: To …

GS III- Infrastructure Overview As the construction industry seeks low-carbon building materials to combat climate change, mycelium bricks have emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional bricks. What are Mycelium Bricks? Composition: These bricks are made from a combination of fungal spores, husk, and sawdust, resulting in a …

GS II- Governance Overview The Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) ID was introduced under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, aiming to standardize student records across the country. While designed to enhance educational transitions, concerns regarding implementation and data privacy have led to significant debates among activists. Key Features …

GS III-Environment Why in the News? The World Air Quality Report 2024, published by the Swiss organization IQAir, ranked India as the 5th most polluted country globally. This marks an improvement from its 3rd place ranking in 2023. Key Findings of the Report India’s Air Pollution Status Country Ranking: India …