Over the past year, Kerala has witnessed a notable reduction in the number of juvenile elephants, largely due to the outbreak of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses (EEHVs). What are EEHVs? EEHVs represent a group of novel double-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the herpesvirus family. They specifically infect Asian and African elephants, …

Prelims – Science – Chemistry A new metal oxide nanocomposite has been created to enhance the photocatalytic breakdown of organic pollutants, including dyes and pharmaceutical residues. About the Nanocomposite The material was developed by the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), an autonomous institution under the Department …

GS2 – International Relations – Key Issues Following the attacks on October 7, it has been reported that the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) activated the Hannibal Directive at multiple military locations infiltrated by Hamas. The directive is controversial due to its ethical implications and operational intent. What is the Hannibal …

GS3 – Environment – Conservation The National Green Tribunal (NGT) recently determined that the site selected for the proposed transhipment port under the Great Nicobar Project does not fall under a ‘no-go’ ecological zone of the island. About the Great Nicobar Project Known officially as the “Holistic Development of Great …

GS3 – Environment – Climate Change A recent report titled “Climate in the Crosshairs” has brought attention to the significant environmental consequences of NATO’s defence-related expenditures, especially the escalation in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from military operations. The report was jointly published by three organisations: Transnational Institute, Tipping Point North …

GS3 – Environment – Climate Change Context  Rising heat stress is negatively impacting labour efficiency and productivity, leading to significant economic setbacks, particularly in Asia and the Pacific. Workers, especially those in low-income jobs, are highly vulnerable as financial needs prevent them from taking breaks during extreme heat. According to …