GS 3 – Defense India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully conducted release trials for the Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB) ‘Gaurav.’ These trials, held from April 8 to 10, 2025, utilized the Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jet, representing a significant milestone in strengthening India’s aerial precision and defence strategy. Overview …

GS 1: Geography The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) recently confirmed a shift to ENSO-neutral conditions in the tropical Pacific, marking the conclusion of a mild La Niña phase. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) significantly shapes global climate patterns, making an understanding of its phases essential for forecasting …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations – EU-China Relations, Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism GS-3: International Trade – Tariffs, Protectionism, Global Trade Wars Essay: Global Power Dynamics, Diplomacy, and Economic Cooperation Key Points Xi’s Critique of U.S. Tariffs Xi condemned U.S. President Trump’s “unilateral bullying” through steep tariffs on Chinese goods. He urged …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations – India-EU Relations, Trade Diplomacy GS-3: Economy – Bilateral Trade Agreements, Tariffs, and Protectionism Essay: Globalization, Geopolitics, and Trade Cooperation Key Points Position on U.S. Tariff Pause Tajani praised President Trump’s 90-day tariff suspension, advocating for similar EU-U.S. negotiations. He emphasized that zero tariffs would …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: Education – NEP 2020 Execution, Higher Education Reforms GS-3: Innovation and Skill Development – Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration Key Points NEP’s Vision for Multidisciplinary Education The National Education Policy (NEP) seeks to transform Indian universities by fostering cross-disciplinary learning, research, and critical thinking. It promotes the establishment …

UPSC Relevance GS-3: Environment – Biodiversity Protection, Climate Change GS-4: Ethics – Scientific Integrity, Resource Prioritization Key Points Colossal Biosciences’ De-extinction Initiative A U.S. company is working to revive extinct species like the woolly mammoth and dire wolf using genome editing and cloning. The goal is to restore ecosystems and …

UPSC Relevance GS-1: Society – Women’s Issues, Gender Equity GS-2: Governance and Policies – Gender Budgeting, Policy Execution GS-3: Climate Change – Adaptation Strategies, Policy Integration Key Points Neglect of Gender-Climate Nexus The 2024 Beijing India Report reveals that India’s climate policies lack gender sensitivity. Despite laws like the POSH …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations – India-China Relations, China-U.S. Strategic Competition GS-3: Economy – Global Trade Conflicts, World Trade Organization (WTO), Tariff Disputes Key Points Intensifying Trade Conflict In retaliation to the Trump administration’s increase of tariffs on Chinese goods to 145%, China has imposed a 125% tariff on U.S. …