Prelims Bits Context: The Philippines has confirmed the deployment of the US anti-ship missile system known as the Navy-Marine Expeditionary Ship Interdiction System (NMESIS) for participation in the 2025 Balikatan military exercises. Key Features of NMESIS Anti-Ship Missile System: Designed to empower small, mobile units to strike maritime targets accurately …

Prelims Bits Context: Mount Lewotobi, a prominent volcano in Indonesia’s East Nusa Tenggara province, witnessed a fresh volcanic eruption. Geographical Location & Tectonic Setting Located on Flores Island, in the East Nusa Tenggara region of Indonesia. Lies at the junction of three major tectonic plates: the Eurasian, Australian, and Pacific …

Prelims Bits Context: Finalists have been announced for the Anti-Piracy Challenge, a major component under WAVES 2025, focusing on protecting digital content in India. Anti-Piracy Challenge – Key Details Initiative: A flagship segment of the Create in India Challenge under the WAVES 2025 banner. Objective: To counteract digital piracy, protect …

Prelims Bits Context: The Indian Navy recently conducted the third edition of the Meteorological and Oceanological Symposium, Meghayan-25, at Nausena Bhawan, New Delhi, in celebration of World Meteorological Day 2025 and the founding of the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). World Meteorological Day – 2025 Theme: “Closing the Early Warning Gap …

Prelims Bits Context: A newly discovered frog species, named Leptobrachium aryatium, has been identified in the Garbhanga Reserve Forest, located on the southwestern outskirts of Guwahati, near the Meghalaya border. Physical Characteristics: This frog species is distinctive for its fiery orange-and-black eyes, a unique reticulated pattern on its throat, and …

Prelims Bits Context: The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) has recently discovered a new species of beetle, named Clinidium lalitae, in the Talle Valley Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh. Naming: This species is named in honour of Dr. Lalita Ray Chaudhury, a renowned coleopterologist and former ZSI scientist, as a …

GS3 – S&T Context: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has successfully carried out a major crackdown on ‘Digital Arrest’ scams as part of its ongoing anti-cybercrime initiative—Operation Chakra-V. Objective of Operation Chakra-V Launched to target and dismantle transnational cybercrime networks, with a special focus on organized financial and digital …

GS3 – Environment Context: The Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) launched in Surat, Gujarat, has shown how market-based tools can successfully curb particulate matter (PM) pollution, based on results observed from 2019 to 2021. Overview of Surat ETS Launched in 2019, the Surat ETS is the first emissions trading market globally …

Prelims Bits   Context: The sixth edition of the India-Uzbekistan joint military exercise ‘DUSTLIK-VI’ commenced at the Foreign Training Node in Aundh, Pune. Exercise Theme: Focused on Joint Multi-Domain Sub-Conventional Operations in semi-urban environments. About the Exercise: DUSTLIK is an annual bilateral defence exercise aimed at improving interoperability between the …

Prelims Bits Context: Tuti Island has suffered significant destruction amid the ongoing conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) over the past two years. Geographical Location: Situated in Khartoum, Sudan’s capital, Tuti Island lies at the meeting point of the Blue Nile and White Nile …

Prelims Bits Context: China has introduced an innovative ironmaking technique known as ‘flash ironmaking’, which is expected to bring major transformation to global steel production. What is Flash Ironmaking? The process involves injecting finely powdered iron ore into a furnace operating at extremely high temperatures. This triggers a rapid and …

GS2 – Vulnerable Groups Context: In the landmark Pinki vs. State of Uttar Pradesh case, the Supreme Court delivered extensive instructions aimed at curbing the issue of child trafficking in India. Understanding Child Trafficking: According to the United Nations, child trafficking involves the recruitment, transfer, or sheltering of minors for …

GS1 – Geography Context: The India Meteorological Department (IMD), along with the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) in Pune and the National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) in Delhi, is collaboratively working on India’s inaugural research testbed dedicated to the study of Norwesters. This initiative focuses on the …