UPSC Relevance GS-3: Science and Technology (Indian achievements, space technology) GS-2: Governance (development policies) Key Points Dr. K. Kasturirangan, former ISRO Chairman, transformed India’s space program by operationalizing space services for societal benefit. His tenure advanced satellite communication (INSAT), remote sensing (IRS), and lunar exploration (Chandrayaan-I). He shaped the National …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: Social Justice (welfare schemes, protection mechanisms) GS-2: Governance (transparency, accountability, statutory bodies) Key Points Over a dozen annual reports from the National Commissions for Scheduled Castes (NCSC), Scheduled Tribes (NCST), and Other Backward Classes (NCBC) remain unpublished, some for up to seven years. NCSC and NCST haven’t …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations (India-France bilateral ties) GS-3: Security (defence procurement, national security) Key Points India and France will finalize a ₹63,000 crore deal for 26 Rafale-M jets on April 28, 2025. The deal includes 22 single-seat and four twin-seat jets for aircraft carrier operations. Delivery will begin in …

UPSC Relevance GS-3: Economy (growth, employment, resource mobilization) GS-3: Science and Technology (technological applications) GS-1: Indian Culture (art, literature, cultural heritage) Key Points India’s demographic and technological strengths position it as a potential global media and entertainment (M&E) hub. The World Audio-Visual Entertainment Summit (WAVES) 2025 in Mumbai aims to …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: Social Justice (health, education, human resources) GS-3: Economy (food security, nutrition) GS-4: Ethics (education for societal well-being) Key Points The UN’s Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016-2025) stresses global efforts to combat malnutrition. Experts advocate embedding nutrition education in school curricula from pre-school onward. This education should …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations (West Asia crisis, nuclear proliferation, global policies affecting India) Key Points Indirect U.S.-Iran talks, mediated by Oman, aim to revive the 2015 Iran nuclear deal (JCPOA). The Trump administration’s 2018 withdrawal led Iran to exceed the deal’s nuclear limits. Current negotiations focus on sanctions relief …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations (India-Pakistan relations, terrorism’s impact) GS-3: Security (cross-border terrorism, internal security)  Key Points India’s Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) adopted firm diplomatic measures against Pakistan post-Pahalgam attack. Actions include canceling Pakistani visas, suspending the Attari-Wagah border check post, and halting engagement until Pakistan addresses terror groups. …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations (India-Pakistan ties, border management) GS-3: Security (terrorism, internal security, border area management) Key Points Rising tensions along the Line of Control (LoC) due to small arms fire incidents. The Army Chief conducted a security review in Srinagar amid intensified anti-militancy efforts. Security forces effectively countered …