GS3 – Environment  Context: India faces a dual challenge: balancing energy security and climate commitments under the Paris Agreement. This necessitates a gradual but firm shift from coal to renewables, ensuring a just transition for affected communities and sectors. India’s Coal Consumption & Energy Mix Coal Dependency: Contributes ~55% of …

Prelims Bits Context The Kerala government is evaluating a proposal to declare the Indian Rat Snake—locally called Chera—as the state’s official reptile. General Information Common Names: Also referred to as the Oriental Rat Snake, this species is non-venomous. Geographic Range: Found across a broad region including India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, …

Prelims Bits Context The ongoing tensions between Iran and Israel have raised concerns about rising oil prices and further disruptions to global trade. A key point of vulnerability is the Suez Canal. Overview of the Suez Canal The Suez Canal is a man-made waterway, stretching 193 km, linking the Red …

GS2 – International Relations Context Recent maritime incidents, such as the fire on MV Wan Hai 503 and the sinking of MSC ELSA 3 near Kerala, have spotlighted safety issues and environmental concerns linked to international shipping. International Governance of Maritime Transport Role of IMO: The International Maritime Organization (IMO) …

Prelims Bytes Context A new study reveals that Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a naturally occurring molecule, can revive the regenerative abilities of aged muscle stem cells (MuSCs) in mice. About Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) A biochemical compound involved in inflammatory responses. Clinically used to induce labour. Produced in the body after injury, …

GS3 – Environment Context The government has proposed new guidelines to regulate the operational temperature range of air conditioners (ACs) across the country, aiming to improve energy efficiency and reduce electricity consumption. Key Proposal Newly manufactured ACs will be required to operate within a preset temperature range of 20°C to …

GS1 – Art & Culture Context: The Geological Survey of India (GSI) has granted Geo-Heritage Site status to the Belum Caves located in Andhra Pradesh’s Nandyal district. Key Details about Belum Caves Initially identified in 1884 by Robert Bruce Foote, the caves were later extensively surveyed between 1982 and 1984 …