Chinmaya IAS Academy – Current Affairs Chinmaya IAS Academy – Current Affairs
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Context (TH):
Insulin resistance has been identified as a potential risk factor for heart valve diseases, including aortic stenosis.
What is Aortic Stenosis?
Aortic stenosis occurs when the aortic valve, responsible for regulating blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, becomes narrowed. This narrowing restricts the flow of blood to the rest of the body.
How Does it Affect the Heart?
- The left ventricle must work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve, leading to increased strain.
- Over time, this extra effort causes the left ventricle to thicken (hypertrophy), enlarge, and eventually weaken.
- If left untreated, the condition can progress to heart failure.
Causes of Aortic Stenosis
The primary cause is atherosclerosis, where calcium deposits build up on the valve over time, making it stiff and less flexible. This process is often associated with:
- Aging
- Chronic conditions like hypertension, high cholesterol, and insulin resistance.
Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis
- Chest Pain: Often described as a tight or squeezing sensation.
- Fluttering Heartbeat: Palpitations or an irregular heartbeat.
- Shortness of Breath: Particularly during physical activity or exertion.
- Dizziness or Light-Headedness: May occur due to reduced blood flow to the brain.
- Fainting (Syncope): Episodes of sudden loss of consciousness.
- Difficulty Walking Short Distances: Caused by reduced oxygen supply to muscles.
Importance of Early Detection
Timely diagnosis and management of aortic stenosis are crucial to prevent complications such as:
- Heart failure
- Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)
- Sudden cardiac death
