POLITY

GS 2 – POLITY Context: The border dispute between Maharashtra and Karnataka has resurfaced due to linguistic tensions in Belagavi, leading to renewed legal and political confrontations over territorial claims. Origins of the Dispute State Reorganisation Act, 1956: This Act reorganized Indian states based on linguistic lines, sparking disputes over …

GS 2 – POLITY Context: The Union Home Minister recently led the 27th meeting of the Western Zonal Council in Pune. Introduction to Zonal Councils Zonal Councils were proposed by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1956 to ease linguistic tensions and encourage inter-state cooperation. Legal Framework: These councils were created …

GS 2 – POLITY Context: MP Amritpal Singh, detained under the National Security Act, risks losing his parliamentary seat due to extended absence from the House. Understanding Article 101(4): An MP’s seat can be declared vacant if they are absent for 60 consecutive sittings without obtaining permission. This 60-day count …

GS 2 – POLITY The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993. It serves as the apex institution in India for the protection and promotion of human rights, defined as the rights relating to life, liberty, equality, and …

GS 2 – POLITY Context: The Supreme Court has stayed a Lokpal order that aimed to bring High Court judges under its purview, calling the interpretation “very disturbing.” What is Lokpal? The Lokpal is India’s apex anti-corruption ombudsman, created to investigate complaints of corruption against public officials, including the Prime …

GS2 POLITY:  On February 18, 2025, the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) completed nine years. Launched in 2016 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, it safeguards farmers from financial losses due to natural calamities like droughts, floods, and pest attacks. Key Features Affordable Premiums: Farmers pay 2% for Kharif and …

GS 2 – POLITY The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an independent constitutional authority responsible for conducting free and fair elections in India. It ensures the integrity of the electoral process for parliamentary, state legislative, and presidential elections. Constitutional Provisions Article 324: Vests the ECI with the power to …

GS2 POLITY: Overview: The Chhattisgarh High Court issued a ruling on marital rape that has ignited debate about legal protections under the Indian Penal Code (IPC). This case involved overturning a conviction related to the death of a wife, focusing on interpretations of consent and marital rights. Context: The ruling …

GS 2 – Polity The Vice President of India is the second-highest constitutional authority in the country Constitutional Provisions The Vice President (VP) of India is mentioned in Articles 63 to 71 of the Indian Constitution. The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Article 64). The …

GS2 POLITY:  Objective PM-AJAY aims to uplift Scheduled Caste (SC) communities by combating poverty, enhancing education, and promoting employment opportunities. Core Components Adarsh Gram Development: Transforms SC-majority villages into model villages with improved infrastructure, health, education, and financial inclusion. Grants-in-Aid: Funds district and state-level livelihood projects for socio-economic development. Hostel …

GS2: Polity, Governance Context: The Supreme Court directed the Assam government to deport 63 detained individuals classified as “foreigners.” Key Concern: Many detainees are Declared Foreign Nationals (DFNs)—people labeled as foreigners without definitive proof of foreign nationality. Foreigners Tribunals (FTs) Formation & Legal Basis: Established: Under the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, …

GS2 POLITY  Key Provisions: Unlawful conversion classified as a cognisable and non-bailable offence. Imprisonment up to 10 years and a ₹50,000 fine for offenders. Criminalises conversions via misrepresentation, coercion, or fraudulent means. Declaration to the District Magistrate required 60 days before any conversion. Penalties: General offences: 1 to 5 years …

GS 2 – POLITY Context: The Supreme Court has recently permitted the appointment of ad hoc judges in High Courts to expedite the resolution of pending criminal cases. It also stated that the vacancy level in High Courts does not necessarily have to exceed 20% of the sanctioned strength to …

GS2 POLITY The PM-JANMAN Package was launched in November 2023 to improve living conditions for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) across India. It aims for 100% coverage of essential services such as housing, water, healthcare, education, and roads in PVTG habitations, benefiting 75 PVTG communities across 18 states and one …

GS2 POLITY Definition A party whip is an official in a political party responsible for enforcing party discipline. Whips ensure that members attend and vote according to the party line during crucial legislative sessions. Historical Context Originated from English hunting terminology and later formalized by Edmund Burke. Integral to India’s …

GS 2 – POLITY On January 27, 2025, Uttarakhand became the first state in India to implement the Uniform Civil Code (UCC), which standardizes personal laws across communities, ensuring equality in matters like marriage, divorce, inheritance, and live-in relationships. Key Features: Unified Legal Standards: Establishes uniform laws for marriage, divorce, …

GS 2 – POLITY The Waqf Amendment Bill (2024) seeks to amend the Waqf Act of 1995 to improve the management of Waqf properties. Key amendments include: Retaining the “Waqf by User” concept, recognizing properties used for religious purposes as Waqf. Allowing two non-Muslim members on the Waqf Board. Mandating …

GS2 POLITY Overview: The Aadhaar-Based Payment System (ABPS) was made mandatory for wage payments under MGNREGA from January 1, 2024, aiming to improve efficiency and transparency. However, recent studies have raised concerns about its effectiveness compared to traditional bank account payment methods. Aadhaar-Based Payment System (ABPS): ABPS links wage payments …

GS2 – POLITY Overview On January 21, 2025, the Supreme Court of India proposed the temporary appointment of retired judges to address the backlog of criminal cases in High Courts. This suggestion invokes Article 224A of the Constitution, a rarely used provision allowing ad hoc judicial appointments. About Article 224A …

GS 2 POLITY Context: The Madhya Pradesh High Court has directed actor Saif Ali Khan to approach the appellate authority about the classification of ancestral properties as “enemy property.” What is Enemy Property? Assets left by individuals who migrated to enemy countries (Pakistan, China) after wars (1947, 1965, 1971). Legal …