Context:
This editorial critically examines India’s claim of becoming a “developed nation by 2047” and questions whether India’s current economic and social trajectory aligns with the requirements of a truly developed country.
Key Highlights / Details:
- PM’s Vision vs Reality:
- PM Modi recently reiterated India’s goal of becoming a fully developed nation by 2047.
- Author argues that while ambition is necessary, structural gaps remain in human development, governance quality, and public services.
- Definition of Developed Country:
- Earlier, “developed” and “developing” were not officially defined.
- World Bank now classifies high-income economies as developed – per capita income >$14,000.
- At India’s current growth, it may take decades to reach that level.
- Development Challenges Highlighted:
- Unemployment: Youth unemployment rising; limited job creation.
- Infrastructure gaps: Poor public utilities like power, water, sanitation in many regions.
- Quality of Governance: Bureaucratic delays and policy inconsistencies.
- Social issues: Inequality, rural distress, political polarization.
- Education & Health: Government schools and hospitals underfunded.
- Critique of Political Leadership:
- Political leaders focus on religion, symbolism, and event politics rather than structural reforms.
- Governance often driven by populist schemes instead of long-term planning.
- Author suggests India needs practical, realistic goals and solid institutional reforms.
- Call for Realistic Development Strategy:
- Focus on job creation + industrialization.
- Strengthen human capital (education + health).
- Encourage innovation and investment climate.
- Reduce bureaucratic hurdles and improve accountability.
Relevant Prelims Points:
- World Bank Income Classification (GNI per capita, Atlas method):
- Low Income: < $1,135
- Lower-Middle Income: $1,136–$4,465
- Upper-Middle Income: $4,466–$13,845
- High Income: > $13,845
- India’s status: Lower-middle income economy.
Relevant Mains Points:
- Development requires inclusive growth + human development.
- Importance of good governance and institutional reforms.
- Link between demographic dividend and labour force participation.
- Economic nationalism vs grounded economic planning.