India has joined the ranks of over 120 countries in rolling out biometric e-passports. These passports offer improved security features, quicker immigration processes, and adherence to international standards.
What Are e-Passports?
An e-passport, also known as a biometric or electronic passport, is an advanced form of the traditional passport. It includes a regular booklet integrated with a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip and antenna embedded in the back cover.
This chip securely holds the passport holder’s personal and biometric information, such as:
- Full name, date of birth, passport number, and other personal details
- Biometric facial image and fingerprint data
- A digital signature to ensure secure identity verification
Key Security Features of e-Passports
- RFID Chip and Antenna: Contain encrypted biometric and personal data, making them highly resistant to tampering or unauthorized access.
- Basic Access Control (BAC): Limits chip access to authorized scanners, preventing misuse.
- Passive Authentication (PA): Verifies that stored data has not been altered.
- Extended Access Control (EAC): Adds an extra layer of security for accessing sensitive biometric data like fingerprints.
- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI): Digitally signs data to ensure its authenticity and integrity, blocking any unauthorized modifications.
Advantages of e-Passports
- Increased Security: Encrypted biometric data and digital authentication protect against counterfeiting and identity theft.
- Faster Immigration Clearance: Use of automated e-gates and digital verification speeds up border checks.
- Worldwide Recognition: Compliance with standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) facilitates international travel and simplifies visa procedures.
- Enhanced Privacy: The residential address is no longer printed on the passport but stored securely in digital form, accessible only to authorized officials.