Context:
- A large number of egrets have been observed occupying agricultural farmlands in Kuttur village, Thrissur district, Kerala, highlighting seasonal avian movement and habitat adaptation.
Key Highlights:
Ecological Observation
- Species involved: Egrets (wetland and farmland birds).
- Location: Kuttur farmlands, Thrissur, Kerala.
- Nature of stay: Temporary/seasonal habitat use.
Reasons for Temporary Migration
- Availability of waterlogged paddy fields.
- Abundant insects, small fish, and amphibians during agricultural cycles.
- Reduced disturbance compared to urban wetlands.
Agriculture–Biodiversity Link
- Traditional farming practices create semi-wetland ecosystems.
- Paddy cultivation supports avian biodiversity.
Relevant Prelims Points:
- Issue: Habitat use by migratory and resident birds.
- Causes: Seasonal changes, food availability, wetland degradation elsewhere.
- Benefits:
- Natural pest control by birds.
- Indicator of healthy agro-ecosystems.
- Challenges:
- Loss of wetlands.
- Increasing use of pesticides.
- Impact: Reinforces importance of sustainable agriculture for biodiversity conservation.
Relevant Mains Points:
- Environment–Agriculture Interface: Role of farmlands as alternate habitats.
- Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, agro-ecosystems, migratory birds, wetlands.
- Static Link: Ramsar Convention principles on wise use of wetlands.
- Way Forward:
- Promote bird-friendly farming practices.
- Reduce chemical pesticide usage.
- Protect and restore natural wetlands to reduce pressure on farmlands.
UPSC Relevance (GS-wise):
- GS Paper III: Environment, biodiversity, conservation.
- GS Paper I: Geography – human–environment interaction.
- GS Paper II: Environmental governance and conservation policies.