Context:
The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) marked its 50th Raising Day, highlighting five decades of service in maritime security, coastal protection, and search and rescue operations.
Key Highlights:
Institutional Milestone
- The Indian Coast Guard was established in 1977 to safeguard India’s maritime interests.
- It initially started operations with seven surface platforms.
Operational Expansion
- Currently, the force operates 155 ships and 80 aircraft.
- By 2030, the ICG aims to expand to 200 surface platforms and 100 aircraft.
Operational Roles
- Maritime law enforcement in India’s territorial waters.
- Search and rescue operations at sea.
- Protection of marine resources and fisheries.
- Coastal security and anti-smuggling operations.
Strategic Significance
- With expanding maritime capabilities, the ICG aims to become one of the world’s leading coast guard services.
Relevant Prelims Points:
- Indian Coast Guard (ICG):
- Established under the Coast Guard Act, 1978.
- Functions under the Ministry of Defence.
- Primary Responsibilities:
- Protection of India’s maritime zones and offshore assets.
- Safety and protection of fishermen.
- Search and rescue (SAR) operations.
- Prevention of smuggling and maritime crimes.
- Jurisdiction:
- Operates within India’s territorial waters, contiguous zone, and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
- Maritime Zones of India:
- Territorial Sea: Up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline.
- Contiguous Zone: Up to 24 nautical miles.
- Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): Up to 200 nautical miles.
Relevant Mains Points:
Role in Maritime Security
- Strengthens coastal surveillance and maritime domain awareness.
- Prevents illegal fishing, piracy, trafficking, and smuggling.
- Ensures security of sea lanes of communication (SLOCs) crucial for trade.
Importance in Disaster Response
- Plays a major role in search and rescue during cyclones, ship accidents, and maritime disasters.
- Coordinates with Navy, coastal police, and disaster management agencies.
Strategic Importance for India
- Vital for protecting India’s maritime economy and blue economy resources.
- Enhances coastal security after lessons from the 26/11 Mumbai attacks.
Way Forward
- Increase technological capabilities such as drones, satellite surveillance, and AI-based maritime monitoring.
- Strengthen coordination with regional coast guards in the Indo-Pacific.
- Expand infrastructure, training, and fleet modernization.
UPSC Relevance:
- Prelims: Indian Coast Guard Act, maritime zones, coastal security institutions.
- Mains: GS III – Internal Security, maritime security, coastal defence architecture.