Context:
- India has inducted INS Aridaman, its third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), reinforcing its nuclear deterrence capability.
Key Highlights:
Defence Capability
- 7,000-tonne nuclear-powered submarine with advanced reactor.
- Capable of longer submerged endurance.
- Can carry:
- K-15 SLBMs (700 km range)
- K-4 SLBMs (3,500 km range)
Strategic Role
- Strengthens credible second-strike capability.
- Reinforces India’s Nuclear Triad:
- Land-based missiles
- Air-delivered weapons
- Sea-based nuclear deterrent (SSBNs)
Related Developments
- Builds on INS Arihant (2016).
- India plans:
- Indigenous SSN (attack submarine) program
- Project-75I for advanced conventional submarines.
Geopolitical Significance
- Enhances India’s strategic deterrence amid regional tensions.
- Places India among few nations with operational nuclear triad.
Relevant Prelims Points:
- SSBN:
- Nuclear-powered submarines carrying ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads.
- SLBM:
- Missiles launched from submarines.
- Nuclear Triad:
- Ensures survivability and retaliation capability.
- Countries with nuclear triad:
- USA, Russia, China, France, India.
- India’s Nuclear Doctrine:
- No First Use (NFU) policy.
Relevant Mains Points:
- Deterrence Strategy:
- Importance of second-strike capability in nuclear stability.
- Maritime Security Dimension:
- Submarines as invisible deterrent platforms.
- Technological Advancement:
- Indigenous development of nuclear propulsion systems.
- Geopolitical Implications:
- Balancing regional strategic competition (China, Pakistan).
Way Forward:
- Expand SSBN fleet for continuous deterrence patrol.
- Invest in SSN capabilities.
- Strengthen command and control systems.
- Maintain credible minimum deterrence posture.
UPSC Relevance:
- GS 3: Internal Security, Defence Technology
- GS 2: International Relations (Strategic Stability)