Context
Kolkata’s Durga Puja has transformed from a neighborhood cultural festival into a global socio-economic phenomenon. It now drives tourism, generates employment, and strengthens West Bengal’s economy, while reinforcing Bengal’s cultural identity.
Key Highlights
- Scale of the Festival
- ₹11,040 crore estimated economy in 2025.
- Around 45,000 Durga Puja committees operate across West Bengal.
- Expanded beyond religious significance into a statewide economic driver.
- Economic Impact
- 2019 British Council survey:
- Generated ₹32,377 crore (≈2.58% of WB’s GDP).
- Supported multiple sectors: art & crafts, lighting & décor, garments, food & hospitality, retail, tourism & transport.
- Multiplier effect on employment, local entrepreneurship, and small businesses.
- Political & Social Dimensions
- CM Mamata Banerjee projects Durga Puja as a symbol of Bengal’s cultural heritage.
- A tool for political outreach and social messaging (e.g., women’s empowerment, environmental conservation).
- Pandal themes often mirror contemporary social concerns.
- Tourism & Global Recognition
- UNESCO recognition (2021): Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
- Boosts foreign tourist inflow and global sponsorships.
- Seasonal demand spike in hotels, restaurants, transport, handicrafts.
- Key beneficiaries:
- Chandannagar lighting artisans.
- Kumartuli idol-makers.
- Employment Generation
- Sustains informal sector jobs: decorators, musicians, craftspeople, security, vendors.
- Seasonal labour demand rises ~50% during Puja.
- Provides annual livelihood peaks for artisans and small traders.
Implications
- Economic: Enhances WB’s GDP, sustains traditional industries, stimulates MSMEs and tourism.
- Cultural: Reinforces community participation and collective heritage.
- Governance: Demonstrates the role of state policy in promoting cultural tourism and heritage branding.