Context:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the G-20 Summit in Johannesburg, presenting a comprehensive vision for balanced global growth, human-centric development, and sustainable international cooperation. India proposed multiple initiatives spanning health, skills, technology, climate action, and security, even as the summit witnessed a U.S. boycott due to strained relations with South Africa.
Key Highlights
Philosophical Framework – Integral Humanism
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PM Modi advocated Integral Humanism, emphasizing:
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Holistic development of individuals and societies
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Balance between economic growth, social justice, and environmental sustainability
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Called for redefining global growth parameters to address:
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Resource deprivation
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Over-exploitation of nature
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Global Health & Security Initiatives
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Proposed a G-20 Global Healthcare Response Team
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To enhance preparedness against pandemics and health emergencies
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Flagged the Drug–Terror Nexus, especially fentanyl trafficking
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Identified as a threat to public health, social stability, and global security
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Suggested coordinated global action to curb drug-financed terrorism
Skill Development & Africa Focus
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Announced G-20–Africa Skills Multiplier Initiative
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India to provide skill development to one million Africans
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Aim: Address skills gap, enhance employability, and promote economic empowerment
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Technology & Innovation Cooperation
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Launched Australia–Canada–India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership
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Focus areas:
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Critical & emerging technologies
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Artificial Intelligence
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Clean energy
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Resilient supply chains
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Digital & Environmental Initiatives
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G-20 Open Satellite Data Partnership
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Sharing satellite data for:
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Agriculture
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Fisheries
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Disaster management
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G-20 Critical Minerals Circularity Initiative
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Promotes:
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Recycling of critical minerals
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Responsible mining practices
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Sustainable access for clean energy transitions
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Climate & Sustainability
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Leaders adopted a G-20 Declaration:
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Calling for stronger climate action
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Reinforcing sustainable development commitments
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Relevant Prelims Points
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Issue: Need for inclusive, sustainable, and resilient global growth
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Causes:
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Inequality in skill access
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Climate stress
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Drug trafficking and terrorism financing
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Government / G-20 Initiatives:
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G-20 Global Healthcare Response Team
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G-20–Africa Skills Multiplier Initiative
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ACITI Partnership
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Open Satellite Data Partnership
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Critical Minerals Circularity Initiative
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Benefits:
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Improved global health preparedness
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Skilled workforce in Africa
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Technology-driven sustainable growth
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Enhanced disaster response
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Challenges:
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Coordination among diverse G-20 members
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Data-sharing concerns
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Geopolitical tensions (e.g., U.S. boycott)
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Impact:
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Strengthens India’s leadership in Global South
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Enhances multilateral cooperation on emerging global challenges
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Relevant Mains Points
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Key Concepts & Definitions:
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Integral Humanism: Indian political philosophy advocating harmony between material and spiritual needs
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Drug–Terror Nexus: Use of drug trafficking proceeds to finance terrorism
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Critical Minerals: Minerals essential for clean energy and high-tech industries
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Institutions & Forums:
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G-20: Forum of major developed and developing economies
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ACITI Partnership: Trilateral technology collaboration (Australia–Canada–India)
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Static & Conceptual Linkages:
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Global governance reforms
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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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South–South Cooperation
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Climate finance and clean energy transition
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Way Forward:
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Institutionalize proposed G-20 initiatives with clear frameworks
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Strengthen trust-based data sharing mechanisms
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Enhance Global South participation in technology and governance
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Balance geopolitics with global collective action
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UPSC Relevance (GS-wise)
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GS Paper 2:
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International Relations, Global Governance, India’s role in G-20
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GS Paper 3:
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Economy, Skill Development, Technology, Climate Change, Internal Security
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