Context:
The Rajya Sabha passed the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill through a voice vote, clearing the way for private sector participation in India’s nuclear energy sector. Opposition amendments and the proposal to refer the Bill to a Select Committee were defeated.
Key Highlights:
Policy Details / Legislative Provisions
- The SHANTI Bill enables private companies to participate in nuclear power generation.
- It allows relaxation of liability norms, while retaining the government’s assurance of no compromise on nuclear safety.
- The Bill seeks to amend existing frameworks that restricted nuclear power largely to public sector undertakings.
Government’s Stand
- Union Minister Jitendra Singh stated that private participation would bring capital, technology, and innovation.
- Emphasised India’s need for clean, reliable, and base-load energy to meet rising power demand.
- Asserted that India’s nuclear programme remains self-reliant and safety-driven.
Opposition’s Concerns
- Raised objections over dilution of liability provisions, particularly supplier liability.
- Warned against risks of privatisation in a high-risk sector.
- Sought parliamentary scrutiny through a Select Committee, which was rejected.
Strategic & Economic Significance
- Supports India’s net-zero commitments and energy transition goals.
- Aims to scale up nuclear capacity beyond existing public sector limits.
- Enhances India’s attractiveness as a destination for nuclear investments.
Relevant Prelims Points:
- Nuclear energy is part of India’s clean energy mix.
- Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 governs liability issues.
- Nuclear power contributes to base-load electricity, unlike intermittent renewables.
Relevant Mains Points:
- GS III – Energy Security: Role of nuclear energy in low-carbon transition.
- Governance Issues: Balancing private participation with public safety.
- Way Forward:
- Strong independent nuclear regulator.
- Transparent liability and safety mechanisms.
- Public trust-building through disclosure and oversight.
UPSC Relevance (GS-wise):
- GS II: Parliament, legislation
- GS III: Energy security, climate change