Context
The article revisits the complex and often contradictory relationship between the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Congress leadership in the post-Independence period, focusing on Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s relatively conciliatory stance and Jawaharlal Nehru’s strong opposition to the RSS.
Key Highlights
- December 18, 1947:
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, then Home Minister, appreciated the enthusiasm of young RSS members but cautioned that their energy should be used through “constructive channels” rather than militaristic means. - January 6, 1948:
In Lucknow, Patel acknowledged the RSS’s discipline and dedication, contrasting it with Congress’s weakening moral fibre — although he warned against authoritarian tendencies. - Post-Gandhi Assassination (January 30, 1948):
The assassination led to a sharp change. The Nehru government banned the RSS in February 1948, alleging its involvement in fostering a climate of hate.
Patel initially shared the concern but later clarified that the RSS as an organization was not directly involved in Gandhi’s killing. - Patel–Nehru Divide:
- Patel saw the RSS as a disciplined body that could be guided into constructive national service.
- Nehru considered it “anti-national”, arguing it spread communalism and intolerance.
- RSS Ban and Aftermath:
- The RSS was banned but later reinstated in July 1949 after giving a written constitution pledging loyalty to the Indian State.
- Patel insisted this was conditional on its renunciation of secrecy and acceptance of democratic norms.
- 1949–50 Developments:
- Patel reaffirmed that while he opposed Nehru’s rigid approach, he viewed the Sangh’s communal tendencies with suspicion.
- The ideological rift widened, setting the foundation for the later Jana Sangh’s emergence (precursor to the BJP).