Prelims Bits
Context
As India has nominated Sarnath (near Varanasi) for the UNESCO World Heritage List (2025–26 cycle), the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is preparing to install a “corrected” plaque at the site. The new plaque will credit local rulers and Jagat Singh’s family (erstwhile Benares rulers) for preservation, instead of highlighting only the role of the British.
Key Highlights
- Historical Background
- Sarnath is associated with Lord Buddha’s first sermon (Dhammachakrapravartana).
- Earlier plaque credited British officers (Duncan, Mackenzie, Cunningham, Marshall, etc.) for excavations from 1787–88 to early 20th century.
- New research shows Jagat Singh (local ruler of Benares) initiated preservation by ordering excavation while sourcing construction material.
- A casket with Buddhist relics was also found and preserved.
- ASI’s Move to Correct Historical Narrative
- Based on a proposal by descendants of Jagat Singh, ASI agreed to revise the plaque.
- New plaque will reflect local contributions and updated archaeological findings (including BR Mani’s excavation in 2013–14).
- Earlier, ASI had already revised a plaque at Dharmarajika Stupa to correct misleading descriptions.
- Significance of Sarnath
- Sarnath is among the most expansive Buddhist sites (3rd century BCE – 11th century CE).
- Apart from Buddhist stupas, it has Jain associations and monuments like the Ashokan Pillar (India’s National Emblem).
- Attracts large numbers of visitors, including South Asian Buddhist pilgrims.
- Considered a global spiritual and archaeological hub.
- India’s UNESCO World Heritage Push
- Sarnath has been nominated for UNESCO’s World Heritage List 2025–26.
- If approved, it will be India’s 42nd World Heritage Site.
- India has positioned Sarnath globally as the “land of Buddha.”