Status of Women in the Workforce

Context (IE): The Kerala High Court has temporarily halted the release of the Justice Hema Commission report, which examined the working conditions of women in the film industry.

  • The interim stay was issued based on concerns that releasing the report would be against public interest and infringe on individuals’ privacy rights.
  • The commission’s findings highlighted issues such as the casting couch phenomenon and the presence of drugs on film sets.

Factors Behind the Low Status of Women in the Workforce:

  • Patriarchal Norms: Deep-rooted societal norms restrict women’s access to education and employment.
  • Societal Expectations: Women are often expected to prioritize caregiving and homemaking roles.
  • Wage Disparities: Women frequently earn less than men for similar work. According to the World Inequality Report 2022, men earn 82% of labor income in India, while women earn only 18%.
  • Unpaid Care Work: Women disproportionately bear the burden of unpaid care and the dual responsibilities of family and work.
  • Cultural Stigma: In some communities, there is a stigma associated with women working outside the home.
  • Sexual Harassment: Many women face significant issues related to sexual harassment in the workplace.
  • Male-Dominated Workplaces: Industries such as manufacturing and construction remain predominantly male.
  • Infrastructure Challenges: Inadequate transport and a lack of basic facilities like toilets hinder women’s participation in the workforce.
  • Menstrual Leave: There is currently no policy on menstrual leave in India.

Government Initiatives:

  • Equal Remuneration Act: Enforces “equal pay for equal work” as stated in Article 39(d).
  • PoSH Act and Vishaka Guidelines: Provide a framework for protecting women from sexual harassment at work.
  • Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme: Aims to ensure the survival, safety, and education of female children, addressing the declining sex ratio and raising social awareness.
  • National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: Prioritizes gender equity, ensuring equitable access to quality education for Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs).
  • One Stop Centre (OSC) and Universalization of Women Helpline: Offer 24/7 emergency response and support for women affected by violence.
  • Skill India Mission: Provides vocational training to women, promoting economic independence and enhancing employability.
  • MGNREGA: Ensures that at least one-third of the jobs generated under the scheme are allocated to women.

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