Context (IE): The Kerala High Court has temporarily halted the release of the Justice Hema Commission report, which examined the working conditions of women in the film industry.
- The interim stay was issued based on concerns that releasing the report would be against public interest and infringe on individuals’ privacy rights.
- The commission’s findings highlighted issues such as the casting couch phenomenon and the presence of drugs on film sets.
Factors Behind the Low Status of Women in the Workforce:
- Patriarchal Norms: Deep-rooted societal norms restrict women’s access to education and employment.
- Societal Expectations: Women are often expected to prioritize caregiving and homemaking roles.
- Wage Disparities: Women frequently earn less than men for similar work. According to the World Inequality Report 2022, men earn 82% of labor income in India, while women earn only 18%.
- Unpaid Care Work: Women disproportionately bear the burden of unpaid care and the dual responsibilities of family and work.
- Cultural Stigma: In some communities, there is a stigma associated with women working outside the home.
- Sexual Harassment: Many women face significant issues related to sexual harassment in the workplace.
- Male-Dominated Workplaces: Industries such as manufacturing and construction remain predominantly male.
- Infrastructure Challenges: Inadequate transport and a lack of basic facilities like toilets hinder women’s participation in the workforce.
- Menstrual Leave: There is currently no policy on menstrual leave in India.
Government Initiatives:
- Equal Remuneration Act: Enforces “equal pay for equal work” as stated in Article 39(d).
- PoSH Act and Vishaka Guidelines: Provide a framework for protecting women from sexual harassment at work.
- Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme: Aims to ensure the survival, safety, and education of female children, addressing the declining sex ratio and raising social awareness.
- National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: Prioritizes gender equity, ensuring equitable access to quality education for Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs).
- One Stop Centre (OSC) and Universalization of Women Helpline: Offer 24/7 emergency response and support for women affected by violence.
- Skill India Mission: Provides vocational training to women, promoting economic independence and enhancing employability.
- MGNREGA: Ensures that at least one-third of the jobs generated under the scheme are allocated to women.