Context:
- Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary has emerged as a successful model of ecological revival, located in the fragile Shivalik ecosystem.
Key Highlights:
Location & Geographic Features
- Situated in Chandigarh, near Sukhna Lake, at the foothills of the Shivalik range.
- Sukhna Lake was created in 1958 by Le Corbusier by diverting the Sukhna Choe (seasonal stream).
- The sanctuary forms part of the lake’s catchment area.
Ecological Characteristics
- Established in 1998 primarily for soil conservation and afforestation.
- Area is geologically unstable, prone to:
- Soil erosion
- Surface runoff during rains
- Soil type:
- Sandy Shivalik soil with clay pockets
Hydrology
- Contains ~150 water bodies (small and large).
- Plays a key role in maintaining water balance and preventing siltation in Sukhna Lake.
Flora
- Dominant vegetation includes:
- Khair, Phulai, Kikar, Shisham
- Amla, Amaltas, Moonj, Vasaka
Fauna
- Mammals:
- Jungle cat, Jackal, Wild boar
- Indian hare, Porcupine, Mongoose, Squirrel
Significance
- Demonstrates successful afforestation-led ecosystem restoration.
- Protects fragile Shivalik ecology.
- Supports biodiversity conservation and water management.
Relevant Prelims Points:
- Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary:
- Located in Chandigarh (UT).
- Established in 1998.
- Sukhna Lake:
- Artificial lake built in 1958.
- Shivalik Hills:
- Young fold mountains, prone to erosion and landslides.
- Catchment Area Management:
- Important for preventing siltation and ecological degradation.
Relevant Mains Points:
- Ecosystem Restoration Model:
- Role of afforestation in soil conservation.
- Urban Ecology:
- Importance of green spaces near cities.
- Environmental Challenges:
- Addressing erosion, land degradation, and water management.
- Sustainable Development:
- Integrating ecological protection with urban planning.
Way Forward:
- Strengthen catchment area management practices.
- Promote community participation in conservation.
- Enhance monitoring of biodiversity and water systems.
- Replicate similar models in other degraded landscapes.
UPSC Relevance:
- GS 3: Environment & Ecology (Biodiversity, Conservation)
- Prelims: Protected Areas, Geography