Context:
The Supreme Court has approved the regulated use of green firecrackers for celebrations, including Diwali. These fireworks are designed to reduce emissions and are projected as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional crackers linked to severe air pollution in Indian cities.
Key Highlights / Details
- The verdict allows only certified green crackers during festivals.
- The aim is to reduce particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulphur and nitrogen emissions.
- Approved green crackers developed by CSIR-NEERI include:
- SWAS – Safe Water Releaser: Suppresses dust, reduces sulphur emissions.
- STAR – Safe Thermite Cracker: Lowers potassium nitrate levels.
- SAFAL – Safe Minimal Aluminium: Reduces aluminium-based particulates.
- These crackers promise 30–35% lower emissions and reduced noise pollution.
- They do not contain banned chemicals like lithium, arsenic, lead, barium.
- Must carry QR code certification to verify authenticity and avoid counterfeit products.
Why It Matters
- Air quality in India worsens every winter—especially in Delhi-NCR—due to stubble burning, vehicular emissions, and cracker use.
- This move strikes a balance between festive traditions and environmental concerns.
- Impact depends on strict enforcement and public awareness.
Relevant Prelims Points
- CSIR-NEERI: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur.
- Article 21: Right to life includes the right to clean environment (SC interpretation).
- Air Pollution Control laws: Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
- National Clean Air Programme (NCAP): Targets 20–30% reduction in PM levels by 2024.
Relevant Mains Points
- Managing air pollution through behavioural change.
- Role of judiciary in environmental regulation.
- Technology-led solutions to pollution control.
- Balancing culture vs environmental responsibility.