Type 2 Diabetes

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has instructed all affiliated institutions to implement “Sugar Boards” aimed at tracking and minimizing students’ sugar intake. This initiative primarily seeks to reduce the incidence of Type 2 diabetes and childhood obesity.

Understanding Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)

Type 2 diabetes is the most widespread form of diabetes, characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Blood sugar, or glucose, serves as the body’s primary energy source and is mainly derived from food.
Normally, insulin—a hormone produced by the pancreas—helps transport glucose into the body’s cells to be used as energy. In T2D, the body either does not produce sufficient insulin or cannot effectively use it. As a result, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream instead of entering cells where it is needed.

Causes of Type 2 Diabetes

The development of T2D is influenced by a combination of factors, including:

• Excess body weight or obesity
• Lack of physical activity
• Genetic predisposition or family history

Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes

According to research, about 6.3% of the global population is affected by T2D. While it is more common in individuals over 45, younger people—including children—can also develop the condition.

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

Many individuals with T2D may not experience any noticeable symptoms for years. When symptoms do appear, they tend to develop slowly and can be quite mild. These may include:

• Increased thirst and frequent urination
• Excessive hunger
• Fatigue
• Blurry vision
• Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
• Slow-healing wounds
• Unexplained weight loss

Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes

Managing T2D typically involves keeping blood sugar levels within a healthy range. This is often achieved through a balanced lifestyle, including proper diet and regular exercise. Some individuals may also require medication—either oral drugs or injectable treatments like insulin—to control their condition.