PRELIMS  Date Observed: December 24, 2024 Purpose: Commemorates the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, which safeguards consumers against exploitation and unfair trade practices. Theme: “Virtual Hearings & Digital Access to Consumer Justice” Key Initiatives Launched Jago Grahak Jago App: Educates consumers about their rights. Promotes informed decision-making in …

PRELIMS  Indore Airport is set to become India’s first zero-waste airport as of December 22, 2024. It is recognized for its comprehensive waste management system focusing on sustainability. Waste Management System: Includes recycling waste from planes, shops, gardens, and toilets. Wet waste is converted into fertilizer to support a circular …

PRELIMS  A speed gun is a device used to measure the speed of moving objects without direct contact. Mechanism: It emits electromagnetic waves that reflect off the moving object and return to the device, using the Doppler effect to calculate speed. Applications: Commonly used in traffic enforcement and sports to …

PRELIMS – SPACE TECHNOLOGY  Launch Details Launch Date and Time: December 30, 2024, at 9:58 PM IST. Launch Site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. Launch Vehicle: PSLV-C60. Orbit: 470 km circular orbit. Mission Objectives Demonstrate in-space docking and undocking technology using two spacecraft: SDX01 (Chaser) SDX02 (Target) Test power transfer …

GS 2 – INTERNATIONAL RELATION  Context: The visit of India’s Prime Minister to Kuwait marks the first visit by an Indian PM in 43 years, with the goal of enhancing bilateral cooperation and addressing gaps in India’s engagement with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Strategic Importance of Kuwait Geopolitical Position: …

PRELIMS – INFRASTRUCTURE  India’s First Bio-Bitumen Highway Stretch Location: NH-44, Mansar, Nagpur, Maharashtra. Technology: Lignin-based bio-bitumen. Collaborators: Praj Industries, CSIR-CRRI, NHAI, Oriental. What is Bio-Bitumen? A sustainable alternative to traditional bitumen. Derived from lignin, a natural polymer in plant cell walls. Offers similar properties to conventional bitumen with lower environmental …

GS3 – ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) has released a report titled ‘400 Million Dreams,’ which examines the evolving patterns of internal migration in India since the 2011 Census. Internal or domestic migration refers to the movement of people within a country from one …

GS 2 – POLITY  Appointment Date: Announced December 24, 2024. Appointed By: President Droupadi Murmu. Predecessor: Justice Arun Kumar Mishra (retired on June 1, 2023). Justice V. Ramasubramanian Supreme Court Tenure: September 23, 2019 – June 29, 2023. Legal Career: Spans decades, with extensive judicial experience. Role at NHRC: Chairperson, …

GS3 – ENVIRONMENT The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has notified the Draft Solid Waste Management (SWM) Rules, 2024, which are set to come into effect on 1st October 2025. These rules aim to address the adverse impacts of unmanaged solid waste, implement the principles of a …

Prelims – Places in news Location: Situated in Pabna District, Bangladesh, on the banks of the Padma River. Developer: Built with Russian assistance under the leadership of Rosatom, a state-owned nuclear energy corporation of Russia. Capacity: Comprises two VVER-1200 reactors (Water-Water Energetic Reactors). Total capacity: 2,400 MW (1,200 MW per …

Prelims – Environment – Species   Flightless bird, about 3 feet tall. Weighed around 10–20 kg (depending on diet and habitat). Family: Columbidae (related to pigeons and doves) Habitat: Endemic to the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. Lived in forested areas and fed on fruits, seeds, and roots. Extinction: …

GS2 – SOCIAL JUSTICE  CUSTODIAL DEATHS IN INDIA, referring to fatalities occurring while individuals are in police or judicial custody, remain a significant human rights concern. These incidents often highlight issues related to law enforcement practices, systemic challenges, and the need for comprehensive reforms. Statistics: Reported Cases: Between April 1, …

GS2 – GOVERNANCE DELIMITATION in India refers to the process of redrawing the boundaries of electoral constituencies to ensure fair representation in the Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies. This process is crucial for maintaining the principle of “one person, one vote,” ensuring that each constituency has a roughly equal population. …

GS1 – WORLD HISTORY   Bolshevism refers to the radical communist ideology led by the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), under Vladimir Lenin, which was pivotal in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the establishment of the Soviet Union. 1. Origin: Meaning: “Bolshevik” comes from …

GS3 – ECONOMICS  The WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) is a global international organization established to regulate international trade. It provides a framework for negotiating trade agreements, resolving trade disputes, and promoting trade liberalization while ensuring fairness and adherence to agreed-upon rules. Key Features of WTO: Establishment and Headquarters Founded: January …