GS2 GOVERNANCE:  Global Language Barriers in Education 40% of the world’s population lacks access to education in a language they understand. This rises to 90% in some low- and middle-income countries. The UNESCO Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report titled “Languages Matter – Global Guidance on Multilingual Education” was released on …

GS1 GEOGRAPHY:  Record-Breaking Temperatures February 2025 was the hottest February in 125 years. Average temperature: 22.04°C (1.49°C above normal). Maximum temperature: 29.07°C (second highest since 1901). Central India experienced the worst heat, with a 1.94°C temperature rise above normal. Rainfall Deficiency Overall rainfall deficit: 59% below normal. Central India saw …

GS2 POLITY: Introduction The Dramatic Performances Act of 1876 was a colonial-era law used by the British government to censor theatrical performances deemed seditious or scandalous. The Modi government repealed it as part of broader efforts to modernize India’s legal framework by removing outdated colonial laws. Background & Purpose Enacted …

GS1 ART AND CULTURE:  Introduction Amir Khusrau was a pioneer of Indo-Persian literature, music, and Sufi poetry. His legacy continues to be celebrated at the Jahan-e-Khusrau festival, reflecting the fusion of Hindu and Muslim traditions. Early Life & Background Born in 1253 to a Turkic father and Indian mother. His …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH:  Overview Nepal’s five-yearly rhino census faces uncertainty due to the suspension of USAID funding. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) lacks financial resources, threatening the planned 2025 census. The last census in 2021 recorded 752 one-horned rhinos. Importance of the Census Essential for …

GS2 GOVERNANCE:  Overview The Government of India has allocated funds under the Special Assistance Scheme, offering 50-year interest-free loans to states. The scheme promotes capital investment and supports state-led reforms. Scheme Details Launched: FY 2021 with an initial allocation of ₹12,000 crore. Current Allocation: ₹1.3 trillion (FY24), with ₹30,000 crore …

GS1 SOCIETY:  Overview Obesity in India has gained attention after Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Mann Ki Baat remarks. He highlighted that one in eight Indians is obese, especially children, and urged reduced oil consumption. The rising obesity rates demand urgent intervention. Obesity Trends in India Defined by WHO as excessive …

GS3 ENVIRONMENT:  Overview Northern India, especially the Indo-Gangetic Plain, faces severe air quality issues. A study in Nature Communications analyzes PM2.5 sources and their health impacts, stressing the need for localized mitigation efforts. PM2.5 Composition Samples from five urban and rural locations were analyzed. Delhi: Dominated by vehicular emissions and …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH: Mission Overview Date: March 2, 2025 Operator: Firefly Aerospace Significance: Second-ever private lunar landing. First to land upright. Part of NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. Landing and Location Landed at: Mons Latreille, Mare Crisium on the Moon. Preceded by: Intuitive Machines’ first commercial lunar …