INDIA’S GROWING OBESITY CRISIS AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

GS1 SOCIETY: 

1. Overview

Obesity in India has gained attention after Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Mann Ki Baat remarks. He highlighted that one in eight Indians is obese, especially children, and urged reduced oil consumption. The rising obesity rates demand urgent intervention.

2. Obesity Trends in India

• Defined by WHO as excessive fat accumulation posing health risks.
• NFHS Data (2015-2021):
  • Overweight/obese women increased from 20.6% to 24%.
  • Men’s obesity rose from 18.9% to 22.9%.
• Urban populations show higher obesity rates than rural areas.
• By 2030, 10.81% of children (5-9 years) are projected to be obese.

3. Health Risks

• Obesity is a major risk factor for:
  • Cardiovascular diseases
  • Diabetes: India has 101 million cases, the highest globally.
  • Cancer: Cases expected to rise to 15.7 lakh by 2025.

4. Causes of Rising Obesity

• Diet: Ultra-processed foods, high sugar and fat intake.
• Physical inactivity: Office jobs, digital screen time, unsafe outdoor spaces.
• Pollution: Inflammation linked to obesity.
• Economic factors: Low-income groups rely on cheap, nutrient-deficient foods.
• Rural obesity rates are also rising, broadening the crisis.

5. Physical Activity Challenges

• Nearly 50% of Indians are insufficiently active.
• Sedentary jobs and digital usage contribute to inactivity.
• Unsafe environments, traffic, and lack of green spaces hinder exercise.
• Urban planning must promote active lifestyles.

6. Measuring Obesity More Effectively

• BMI limitations: Doesn’t account for muscle mass or fat distribution.
• Indians genetically prone to abdominal fat, posing higher risks.
• New recommendations: Include waist circumference and body fat measurements for accurate assessment.