Subject: GS-2: International Relations & Defense Ties – India’s Arms Imports, Global Defense Collaborations GS-3: Security & Defense Tech – Domestic Arms Production, Self-Reliance Goals Key Points India’s Global Arms Import Ranking India ranked as the second-largest arms importer from 2020-24, behind Ukraine, which saw imports soar 100-fold due to …

Subject: GS-2: Governance & Policy – Census Operations, National Population Register (NPR), Demographic Insights GS-3: Technology & Data Systems – Digital Governance, Aadhaar in Policy Implementation Key Points Census Postponement & Panel’s Call The 2021 Census was deferred indefinitely due to COVID-19 disruptions. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs …

Subject: GS-2: International Relations – India-Canada Diplomacy, Foreign Policy Dynamics GS-3: Economic & Trade Ties – Bilateral Commerce, Diversification Efforts Key Points Context of India-Canada Rift Ties soured in 2023 over the killing of Khalistani separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Canada. Canada’s Trudeau government implicated India, labeling diplomats “persons of …

Subject: GS-3: Economy & Digital Markets – E-commerce Growth, Business Strategies, Market Dynamics GS-2: Governance & Regulation – Consumer Safeguards, Competition Policy   Key Points Understanding Quick Commerce A fast-delivery e-commerce model promising 10-20 minute turnarounds. Relies on dark stores (warehouses for online orders only). Leverages customer data for demand …

Subject: GS-2: Governance & Policy – Food Safety Standards, Consumer Rights, Health Policies GS-3: Health & Nutrition – Obesity Trends, Ultra-Processed Foods (UPFs), Regulatory Effectiveness Key Points Obesity Surge & Policy Gaps National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5): One in four Indian adults is obese or pre-diabetic. Economic Survey 2025 suggests …

Subject: GS-2: Governance & Federalism – President’s Rule, Law Enforcement, Centre-State Roles GS-3: Internal Security & Conflict Management – Ethnic Disputes, Insurgency, Militant Groups Key Points President’s Rule and Actions The BJP-led Manipur government was dissolved, with President’s Rule enacted to stabilize the region. Replacing N. Biren Singh has proven …

Subject: GS-2: International Relations & Trade – WTO Compliance, India-U.S. Trade Ties GS-3: Economy & Global Commerce – Bilateral Trade Deals, Most Favored Nation (MFN) Clause Key Points India-U.S. Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) India and the U.S. plan to negotiate a multi-sector BTA by late 2025. Though not termed a …

Subject: GS-2: Governance & Educational Reforms – University Independence, UGC’s Role, Centre-State Dynamics in Education GS-4: Ethics in Administration – Meritocracy, Institutional Accountability Key Points UGC’s Draft Regulations & Issues The University Grants Commission (UGC) Regulations 2025 suggest revisions to the Vice-Chancellor (V-C) selection process and criteria. States oppose diminished …

Subject: GS-2: Governance & Policy Measures – Urban Mobility Strategies, Sustainable Transport GS-3: Environment & Economy – Electric Vehicles, Emission Reduction, Renewable Energy Key Points Draft EV 2.0 Policy & Goals The Delhi government has finalized its Electric Vehicle (EV) 2.0 Policy, awaiting Cabinet approval. Targets 95% of newly registered …