Tuna Fish
- Habitat and Distribution:
- Tuna are pelagic marine fish, inhabiting surface waters of tropical, subtropical, and temperate oceans.
- Found across all oceans, they thrive in tropical and temperate regions.
- Species:
- Seven primary species are consumed by humans:
- Albacore
- Skipjack
- Yellowfin
- Three species of bluefin tuna (Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Bluefin).
- Adaptations:
- Unlike most fish, tuna are warm-blooded; their body temperatures can be 12°C higher than surrounding water, giving them superior speed and stamina.
- Known for their long-distance migrations, tuna travel incredible distances across oceans.
- Significance of Tuna Clusters
- Tuna clusters are initiatives aimed at creating hubs for tuna fisheries to achieve the following:
- Economies of scale: Optimize resource utilization and reduce costs.
- Increased incomes: Improve earnings for fishers and farmers through organized production and better market access.
- Organized growth: Boost sustainable fisheries development and supply chains.
- Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)
- Launch: September 2020.
- Objective: To double incomes of fishers and farmers by improving fisheries production, employment, and infrastructure.
- Key Focus Areas:
- Employment Generation:
- Activities like seaweed farming and ornamental fish cultivation.
- Breeding Techniques:
- Focus on producing quality brood, seed, and feed.
- Emphasis on species diversification.
- Structure of the Scheme:
- Components:
- Central Sector Scheme (CS)
- Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS)
- CSS Subcomponents:
- Non-Beneficiary Oriented: Focus on common infrastructure like cold chains and hatcheries.
- Beneficiary Oriented: Support for fishers and entrepreneurs.
- Three Main Focus Areas:
- Enhancement of Production and Productivity:
- Advanced aquaculture techniques, seed production, and feed management.
- Infrastructure and Post-Harvest Management:
- Development of cold storage, processing units, and transportation.
- Fisheries Management and Regulatory Framework:
- Sustainable fishing practices and governance mechanisms.
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