HPV Vaccination in India

GS Paper II – Health

Context:

India has officially launched its national HPV vaccination drive for adolescent girls aged 9–14 years as part of its Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). The move aims to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2040, aligning with WHO’s global strategy.

What is HPV and the Vaccine?

• HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a common sexually transmitted infection, with some strains causing cervical cancer, anal cancer, and genital warts.

• The HPV vaccine protects against the most high-risk HPV strains (especially HPV-16 and HPV-18), which are responsible for over 70% of cervical cancers.

Key Developments:

• India’s first indigenous HPV vaccine: CERVAVAC, developed by the Serum Institute of India in collaboration with the Department of Biotechnology, was launched in 2023.

• Free rollout under UIP in 2025, targeting nearly 6 crore girls in the first phase.

• Administered in two doses (for 9–14 years); three doses for older age groups if introduced later.

Significance for India:

• Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in India, causing over 75,000 deaths annually.

• India contributes to one-fourth of the global cervical cancer burden.

• Reduces long-term healthcare costs and aligns with SDG Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

Government Schemes & Stakeholders:

• Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)

• National Cancer Control Programme

• Partnerships with UNICEF, WHO, and state health departments

Challenges:

• Vaccine hesitancy due to stigma and misinformation.

• Cold-chain and logistical issues, especially in rural areas.

• Parental consent and gender sensitivity in health communication.

• Need for integration with school health programs.