GS2

GS2 – Vulnerable Groups Context: In the landmark Pinki vs. State of Uttar Pradesh case, the Supreme Court delivered extensive instructions aimed at curbing the issue of child trafficking in India. Understanding Child Trafficking: According to the United Nations, child trafficking involves the recruitment, transfer, or sheltering of minors for …

GS2 – Polity Context: Tata Trusts, in collaboration with a network of civil society organizations, has released the 2025 edition of the India Justice Report. The report evaluates the performance of states and union territories across 24 indicators, covering the four core pillars of the justice system—police, judiciary, prisons, and …

GS2 – Polity Tamil Nadu Forms Committee on State Autonomy Context: The Tamil Nadu government has set up a high-powered panel led by former Supreme Court judge, Justice Kurian Joseph. This committee’s primary role is to analyze Centre-State relations and recommend ways to reinforce the constitutional rights of states. Previously, …

GS2 – Polity Context : Telangana has taken a pioneering step by becoming the first state in India to implement sub-categorisation among Scheduled Castes (SCs), also known as “reservation within reservation.” As per the recent government notification, SCs in the state will be divided into three distinct groups – Group …

GS2 – Governance Context: The Registrar General of India (RGI) has issued a warning to both public and private healthcare institutions, urging them to report all birth and death occurrences within 21 days. Concerns Highlighted by RGI: Incomplete Registration: The RGI has pointed out that nearly 10% of birth and …

GS2 – Governance Context: Kerala has become the first state in India to achieve total digital literacy, marking a significant milestone in the country’s digital empowerment journey. What is Digital Literacy? Digital Literacy refers to the ability of individuals and communities to effectively understand, access, and use digital technologies in …

GS II-Vulnerable section Overview Child trafficking is a form of human trafficking that involves the illegal transportation, recruitment, or harboring of minors using coercion, force, fraud, or deception. This exploitative practice aims to subject children to inhumane conditions such as forced labor, prostitution, slavery, organ trade, and servitude. While child …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: Governance – Transparency, accountability, RTI Act GS-2: Polity – Fundamental Rights (Article 21), data privacy GS-4: Ethics – Public interest, governance principles Key Highlights Amendment Details The government amended Section 8(1)(j) of the RTI Act through Section 44(3) of the DPDP Act 2023. The original clause permitted …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations – West Asia geopolitics, China’s strategic priorities GS-3: Security – Global terrorism, Uyghur concerns Key Highlights Uyghur Presence in Syria Uyghur fighters from the East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) have assumed military roles in the new Syrian regime. One Uyghur is among Syria’s 50 top-ranking …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: Governance & International Relations – Extradition agreements, Interpol Red Notice, India-Belgium ties GS-3: Internal Security – Financial crimes, bank fraud GS-4: Ethics – Accountability, Fugitive Economic Offenders Key Highlights Arrest and Context Mehul Choksi, a fugitive businessman, was apprehended in Belgium on April 12, 2025, as India …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations – India-Africa Cooperation, Regional Diplomacy GS-3: Security – Maritime Security, Naval Collaboration, SAGAR Vision Key Highlights AI-KEYME Overview Name: Africa India Key Maritime Engagement Location: Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania First Edition: 2025 Goal: Foster collaborative maritime solutions for regional challenges. Indian Naval Involvement Ships: INS Chennai (destroyer), …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations – EU-China Relations, Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism GS-3: International Trade – Tariffs, Protectionism, Global Trade Wars Essay: Global Power Dynamics, Diplomacy, and Economic Cooperation Key Points Xi’s Critique of U.S. Tariffs Xi condemned U.S. President Trump’s “unilateral bullying” through steep tariffs on Chinese goods. He urged …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations – India-EU Relations, Trade Diplomacy GS-3: Economy – Bilateral Trade Agreements, Tariffs, and Protectionism Essay: Globalization, Geopolitics, and Trade Cooperation Key Points Position on U.S. Tariff Pause Tajani praised President Trump’s 90-day tariff suspension, advocating for similar EU-U.S. negotiations. He emphasized that zero tariffs would …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: Education – NEP 2020 Execution, Higher Education Reforms GS-3: Innovation and Skill Development – Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration Key Points NEP’s Vision for Multidisciplinary Education The National Education Policy (NEP) seeks to transform Indian universities by fostering cross-disciplinary learning, research, and critical thinking. It promotes the establishment …

UPSC Relevance GS-1: Society – Women’s Issues, Gender Equity GS-2: Governance and Policies – Gender Budgeting, Policy Execution GS-3: Climate Change – Adaptation Strategies, Policy Integration Key Points Neglect of Gender-Climate Nexus The 2024 Beijing India Report reveals that India’s climate policies lack gender sensitivity. Despite laws like the POSH …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: International Relations – India-China Relations, China-U.S. Strategic Competition GS-3: Economy – Global Trade Conflicts, World Trade Organization (WTO), Tariff Disputes Key Points Intensifying Trade Conflict In retaliation to the Trump administration’s increase of tariffs on Chinese goods to 145%, China has imposed a 125% tariff on U.S. …

UPSC Relevance GS-3: Internal Security – Terrorism, Extradition Processes, Role of National Investigation Agency (NIA) GS-2: International Relations – India-U.S. Ties, India-Pakistan Dynamics, Legal Collaboration Key Points: Extradition Tied to 26/11 Mumbai Attacks Tahawwur Hussain Rana, a Canadian-American of Pakistani descent, was extradited from the United States and detained by …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: Polity & Governance – Governor’s Role, Separation of Powers, Constitutional Interpretation GS-2: Federalism – Centre-State Dynamics, Legislative Processes Key Points: Addressing Constitutional Silence The Supreme Court ruled that Governors must decide on Bills within 3 months, ending the practice of indefinite delays. This addresses a Constitutional gap …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: Governance – Urban Planning, Centre-State Relations GS-3: Infrastructure & Environment – Land Use, Slum Redevelopment Key Points: Land for Redevelopment The Maharashtra government approved 256 acres of salt pan land in Mulund, Kanjurmarg, and Bhandup for the Dharavi Redevelopment Project (DRP). The initiative aims to rehabilitate residents …

UPSC Relevance GS-2: Polity & International Relations – Democracy, Electoral Systems, Global Political Trends GS-4: Ethics – Democratic Values, Accountability, Political Integrity Key Points: Global Democratic Decline Closed autocracies have risen since the mid-2000s, with notable democratic backsliding in West Asia, North Africa, South Asia, and Central Europe. Liberal democracies …