Israel and Iran

Lebanon (North)
Syria (Northeast)
Jordan (East)
Egypt (Southwest)
Palestinian territories:
- West Bank (landlocked, disputed with Jordan/Palestinians)
- Gaza Strip (on southwestern coast, controlled by Hamas)

🧭 Geostrategic Relevance: Israel lies at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, with access to the Mediterranean Sea.

Geostrategic Relevance: Iran borders the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz—a vital oil transit chokepoint.

Area	Details
Diplomatic Ties	Full diplomatic relations since 1992; strategic partnership since early 2000s.
Defence Cooperation	Major arms supplier (drones, radars, missiles like Barak-8); regular joint military exercises (e.g., Blue Flag).
Agri-Tech & Water	Advanced Israeli irrigation tech and agriculture know-how in Indian states (Maharashtra, Gujarat).
Trade	~$10 billion (goods + services); major exports: diamonds, chemicals; imports: high-tech equipment.
Diaspora	Small Indian-Jewish community in Israel (Bene Israelis, Cochin Jews).
Recent Developments	Stronger cooperation under I2U2 grouping (India, Israel, UAE, USA); talks on FTA with India–Israel in progress.

Area	Details
Historical Ties	Deep civilizational links (language, culture); strong ties pre-1979 revolution.
Energy Security	Iran was a major oil supplier to India; imports reduced after U.S. sanctions (2018).
Chabahar Port	India developed Chabahar Port for direct access to Afghanistan and Central Asia—bypassing Pakistan.
Strategic Importance	Iran vital for INSTC (International North–South Transport Corridor).
Diaspora & Culture	Shared Shia-Sunni religious connections, Persian influence on Urdu.
Recent Issues	Limited trade due to U.S. sanctions; India maintains a neutral stance in Iran–Israel tensions.
Evacuation & Diplomacy	“Operation Sindhu” (June 2025): evacuated Indians from Iran amid tensions.

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