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GS2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS India and the US have strengthened their collaboration in Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA), a key focus during Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Washington. The Autonomous Systems Industry Alliance (ASIA) was announced to enhance industry partnerships in the Indo-Pacific. Importance of UDA Essential for national security and maritime …

GS3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT:  A recent 4.0-magnitude earthquake in Delhi has highlighted the region’s seismic vulnerability, with tremors also felt in Bihar, Odisha, and Sikkim. This has reignited concerns about the possibility of a “Great Himalayan Earthquake.” Delhi’s Seismic Risk Seismic Zone: Delhi falls in Zone 4, making it highly prone …

GS3 SCIENCE AND TECH: India’s Deep Ocean Mission has achieved a milestone with the successful testing of Matsya-6000, a deep-sea submersible developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology. Designed for ocean exploration, it can operate at depths of up to 6,000 metres, aiding in marine research and resource discovery. …

GS2 POLITY:  On February 18, 2025, the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) completed nine years. Launched in 2016 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, it safeguards farmers from financial losses due to natural calamities like droughts, floods, and pest attacks. Key Features Affordable Premiums: Farmers pay 2% for Kharif and …

GS 3 – ECONOMY Context: The Finance Ministry is considering raising the deposit insurance limit, which is currently ₹5 lakh, under the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) Act, 1961. About DICGC: What is it? DICGC is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) that …

GS 3 – AGRICULTURE Context: The Government of India has extended the Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA) Scheme until 2025-26, aligning with the 15th Finance Commission period. About PM-AASHA Scheme: Objective: PM-AASHA is a comprehensive initiative designed to guarantee fair prices for farmers by strengthening procurement operations and …

GS 3 – ECONOMY Context: APEDA, in partnership with AgroStar and Kay Bee Exports, successfully carried out India’s first-ever commercial trial shipment of premium pomegranate varieties—Sangola and Bhagwa—to Australia via sea. Pomegranate Varieties in Focus: Overview: Sangola and Bhagwa are high-quality pomegranate varieties valued for their sweetness, deep red arils, …

GS 3 – ECONOMY A Sovereign Green Bond (SGrB) is a debt instrument issued by the government to raise capital for projects that promote environmental sustainability. These bonds are part of India’s commitment to green finance and climate action. Features Sovereign Green Bonds are government-issued bonds where the proceeds are …

GS 2 – POLITY The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an independent constitutional authority responsible for conducting free and fair elections in India. It ensures the integrity of the electoral process for parliamentary, state legislative, and presidential elections. Constitutional Provisions Article 324: Vests the ECI with the power to …

GS2 POLITY: Overview: The Chhattisgarh High Court issued a ruling on marital rape that has ignited debate about legal protections under the Indian Penal Code (IPC). This case involved overturning a conviction related to the death of a wife, focusing on interpretations of consent and marital rights. Context: The ruling …

GS2 POLITY:  Overview: Scheduled for introduction in India’s Budget session from March 10, 2025, by the Union Ministry of Home Affairs. Aims to modernize and consolidate immigration laws by replacing four old laws from the early 20th century, enacted during unique historical periods like the World Wars. Objectives: Create a …

GS3 ENVIRONMENT: Key Points: Over the last decade, India’s vegetation has absorbed more carbon than it emits, with an annual absorption of 380-530 million tonnes. Carbon sequestration, the process of capturing atmospheric CO2 by plants, is vital for climate mitigation. Negative Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) signifies effective carbon storage. Challenges: …

GS3 ENVIRONMENT:  Recent Findings: A 3,000-year gap in coral growth in the Gulf of Eilat from 4,400 to 1,000 years ago, possibly due to sea-level drop from global cooling. This break in growth is mirrored in coral reefs in Mexico, Brazil, and Australia, indicating a global environmental event. Historical Growth …

GS1 CULTURE:  New regulations implemented by China’s State Administration for Religious Affairs in late 2024 aim to control Tibetan Buddhist practices. Effective from January 1, 2025, these rules integrate Tibetan Buddhism into Han Chinese culture, enforcing political loyalty in religious institutions. About Tibetan Buddhism: Spread to Tibet by the 9th …

GS2 GOVERNANCE:  Context: The Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDKY) was introduced in the Union Budget 2025 by the Finance Minister to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. About PMDKY: What is PMDKY? A holistic agricultural development initiative aimed at improving farm productivity, promoting crop diversification, and strengthening irrigation and storage …

GS3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:  Context: Meta has launched Project Waterworth, a groundbreaking subsea internet cable initiative that will span 50,000 km, making it the world’s longest subsea cable system. About Project Waterworth: Objective: To enhance global internet infrastructure, improving connectivity across regions like the United States, India, Brazil, and South Africa. …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH:  Context: Recently, researchers have detected High-energy cosmic neutrinos under Mediterranean Sea. What are Neutrinos? Neutrinos are tiny particles with no electric charge and very little mass. They are incredibly difficult to detect because they rarely interact with matter. Where Do They Come From? The Sun: Produced …

GS3 ENVIRONMENT:  Habitat Found in warm oceans around the world, including India’s coasts (Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat). Diet They eat crustaceans, jellyfish, mollusks, and hard-shelled animals like crabs. Nesting and Reproduction They nest on sandy beaches and return to the same place where they were born. A female …

GS 3 – Environment Introduction Launch and Vision: Launched at the Global Investors’ Meet – Invest Karnataka 2025 Aimed at positioning Karnataka as a leader in the electric vehicle (EV) sector and a hub for clean mobility innovation in Asia Focus on reducing carbon emissions and improving air quality Attracting …

GS 3 – Economy In his address at Bharat Tex 2025 in New Delhi, the Prime Minister stated that the Rs. 9 lakh crore target can be reached earlier through the vision of the “Five Fs” — farm, fiber, fabric, fashion, and foreign. Bharat Tex 2025 is the premier event …