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GS 3 – DEFENCE On Army Day (January 15, 2025), the Defence Minister unveiled the Bharat Ranbhoomi Darshan website. Key Features: Objective: Promotes battlefield tourism at key military sites along India’s borders. Integration with Incredible India Campaign: The Ministry of Tourism has incorporated the initiative into the ‘Incredible India’ program …

GS 3 – ECONOMY Context: The Union Cabinet has approved the establishment of the 8th Pay Commission to review and revise the salary structure, allowances, and retirement benefits of central government employees and pensioners. Pay Commission Appointment: Constituted by the central government to evaluate salaries, allowances, and pensions based on …

GS 2 – GOVERNANCE Context: The Fast Track Immigration – Trusted Traveller Programme (FTI-TTP) was launched to enhance immigration clearance for Indian nationals and Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cardholders, ensuring a streamlined and secure international travel experience. Objective and Vision Primary Goal: To simplify and expedite immigration processes while …

GS 3 – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY – SPACE ISRO CROPS Mission ISRO recently achieved a significant milestone by successfully germinating lobia seeds during its CROPS module experiment, advancing sustainable farming in space. Why Grow Plants in Space? Sustainable Food Source: Growing plants reduces reliance on pre-packaged food, offering fresh nutrition …

GS 3 – INTERNAL SECURITY India has successfully blocked fraudulent transactions worth ₹1,800 crore within 90 days using the Central Cybercrime Suspect Registry, developed under the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C). The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed banks to adopt this system for fraud prevention. Indian Cyber …

GS 3 – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A spectacular “planet parade” is currently visible, showcasing six planets aligned in an arc in the night sky. This event provides a unique opportunity to observe planetary motions and celestial alignments. What is a Planet Parade? Definition: A planet parade occurs when multiple planets …

GS 1 – MODERN INDIA Context: On January 17, Punjab Chief Minister paid tribute at the Namdhari Shaheed Smarak in Malerkotla to honor the martyrs of the Kuka Rebellion, a significant anti-British movement in Punjab’s history. What is the Kuka Rebellion? The Kuka Rebellion was an anti-British uprising initiated by …

GS3 – ENVIRONMENT:  Overview: In 2024, India successfully phased out the use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in manufacturing, aligning with its commitments under the Montreal Protocol. This action is critical for ozone layer protection and addressing climate change, marking a significant step toward sustainable environmental practices. Montreal Protocol Overview: The Montreal …

GS1 GEOGRAPHY Overview: India has recently strengthened its border regulations for foreigners entering Northeastern states bordering Myanmar, reversing a period of relative openness. This move has implications for local communities and cross-border relationships. Protected Area Regime (PAR): The Indian government has reinstated the Protected Area Regime (PAR) in Manipur, Mizoram, …

GS2 GOVERNANCE Overview: The Protection and Enforcement of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2024, seeks to modernize India’s aviation sector by improving the leasing framework. The legislation aims to reduce costs, enhance accessibility to air travel, and attract investment, especially as India prepares for a significant increase in aircraft acquisitions. …

GS2 GOVERNANCE Overview: Union Minister for Housing and Urban Affairs, Manohar Lal Khattar, unveiled a new toolkit for the ninth edition of Swachh Survekshan, the world’s largest urban cleanliness survey. This edition introduces a more streamlined and systematic approach, focusing on urban sanitation through citizen participation and third-party validation. The …

GS3 TECHNOLOGY  Overview: Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia recently launched several telecom initiatives aimed at improving connectivity and security across India. These include the Sanchar Saathi Mobile App, the National Broadband Mission (NBM) 2.0, and Intra Circle Roaming at DBN-funded 4G sites. The government’s goal is to empower citizens with better …

GS3 TECHNOLOGY Overview: The Maharashtra government has announced the formation of a 16-member committee to draft the state’s first Artificial Intelligence (AI) policy. The initiative aims to position Maharashtra as India’s leading state in AI development, aligning with the central government’s India AI Mission to drive digital economy growth and …

GS1 INDIAN HERITAGE Overview: The World Monuments Fund (WMF) has added the Musi River Historic Buildings in Hyderabad to its World Monuments Watch list, highlighting the need for urgent preservation efforts. This recognition coincides with local government plans to revitalize the river and its heritage structures, aiming to boost tourism …

GS2 POLITY Event Summary: On January 18, 2025, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi led the e-Distribution of SVAMITVA Property Cards, marking a significant milestone in rural governance and empowerment. Around 65 lakh property cards were distributed to over 50,000 villages across 10 states and 2 Union Territories, aiming to enhance …

GS 3 – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: Union Minister of State for Environment launched ‘Nano Bubble Technology’ for cleaning and purifying water at the National Zoological Park, Delhi. About Nano Bubble Technology Nanobubbles: These are extremely small bubbles, measuring between 70-120 nanometers, which is 2,500 times smaller than a single …

GS 2 – GOVERNANCE Context: The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has raised concerns about the lack of transparency in data regarding operational Compressed Biogas (CBG) plants listed on the GOBARdhan portal. Compressed Biogas (CBG): CBG is a renewable energy source generated from organic waste, including agricultural residues, cattle …

GS 1 – ANCIENT INDIA Recent Discovery Archaeologists uncovered a mud-brick stadium and a marketplace from the Mature Harappan Phase at Rakhigarhi. Stadium Features: Precisely engineered seating arena with an inclined design for optimal viewing, indicating a sporting culture during the Harappan era. About Rakhigarhi Significance: Recognized as one of …

GS 3 – DEFENCE  Context: India’s Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) has delivered the sixth Scorpene-class submarine, Vaghsheer, to the Indian Navy under Project P-75. About Scorpene-Class Submarines Scorpene-class submarines are diesel-electric attack submarines designed for: Stealth operations Anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare Intelligence gathering and area surveillance. Project P-75 Launched …

GS3- TECHNOLOGY As 2025 unfolds, quantum computing stands poised to redefine innovation across industries. The United Nations has declared 2025 the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, reflecting the global recognition of quantum computing’s potential to revolutionize areas like healthcare, artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced materials research. This paradigm …