Science

Purpose: Organized by the Indian Society of Soil Science (ISSS) in collaboration with the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS), the GSC aimed to address critical challenges related to sustainable soil and resource management. Theme: Caring Soils Beyond Food Security: Climate Change Mitigation & Ecosystem Services. Key Focus Areas: Recognition …

Context The Government is considering revisiting the Safe Harbour provisions under Section 79 of the IT Act to create a more balanced and accountable digital ecosystem, in line with India’s “Viksit Bharat 2047” vision. Safe Harbour Clause Section 79 of the IT Act, 2000, offers intermediaries like social media platforms …

Context At COP29, the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty (FF-NPT) gained significant momentum. Inspired by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, this initiative seeks to regulate fossil fuel production as a targeted approach to combat climate change. Activists and countries are increasingly advocating for its adoption to address the climate crisis effectively. Need …

Context: India’s governance has been revolutionized through advancements in Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). Concurrently, the Council of Europe has introduced a groundbreaking AI treaty to uphold human rights and democratic principles. Key Trends Driving AI Integration in Governance Expanding Digital Footprint: With over 900 million Indians online, the number is …

Context (TH|IE): The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton for their pioneering contributions and inventions that have laid the foundation for machine learning through artificial neural networks. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) An ANN is a computational framework that emulates the workings of the …

Context: Recent data from an unreleased elephant census, which incorporated new counting techniques, has revealed a decline in elephant populations across several regions of India, particularly in southern West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Kerala. Previous Counting Methods Total Direct Count Up until 2002, India used the “total direct count” method, …

Context: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has released the 7th consecutive edition of “EnviStats India 2024: Environment Accounts,” aligned with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) Framework. Findings From 2000 to 2023, the number of Total Protected Areas saw an increase of approximately 72%, while the area …

The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, has raised concerns about its potential to weaken the Right to Information (RTI) Act, particularly regarding the balance between privacy and transparency. Key Concerns: Amendment to Section 8(1)(j) of RTI: The amendment limits the disclosure of personal information of public officials, even …

Recently, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare published the India TB Report 2024, which reveals a decrease in the mortality rate from Tuberculosis (TB), dropping from 28 per lakh population in 2015 to 23 per lakh in 2022. Key Highlights of the Report Trends in TB Cases and Deaths: …

Context: Potassium cyanide (KCN) can cause immediate death by obstructing oxygen transport in the body, resulting in cellular suffocation. It is a cyanide salt made up of equal parts potassium (K+) and cyanide (CN-) ions. Properties of KCN Appearance: White, crystalline solid. Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forming a clear …

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has permitted resident individuals to open Foreign Currency Accounts at International Financial Services Centres (IFSCs) in GIFT City, Gujarat, under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS). Details: Authorised Persons: These are entities authorised by the RBI, such as banks and designated FX dealers, to facilitate …

Context: A recent celestial spectacle in Ladakh captivated observers with the appearance of a rare phenomenon – the double sun halo. While sun halos are more common in certain parts of India, a double halo is a rarer sight, especially at high altitudes like Ladakh. Understanding Sun Halos: A Common …

The Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies (iCET) marks a significant development in the strategic partnership between India and the United States. Launched in January 2023, this framework aims to foster collaboration in cutting-edge technological areas critical for economic growth, national security, and global leadership. What is iCET? iCET establishes …

Context Electric vehicle (EV) owners are increasingly concerned about the impact of extreme temperatures on lithium-ion batteries. These batteries function optimally at ambient temperatures up to 35 degrees Celsius. Lithium-ion batteries are particularly heat-sensitive, while solid-state batteries exhibit greater resilience. Impact of Extreme Heat on Lithium-ion Batteries Longevity Loss: High …

The National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA), also referred to as the National Quantum Mission (NQM), is a government of India initiative launched in 2023. This ambitious mission aims to propel India to the forefront of quantum technology development. Objectives: Seed, nurture and scale up scientific and industrial …

Cold lava, also known as lahar (Indonesian and Tagalog), is a fast-moving, mudflow-like slurry of volcanic debris and water. It rushes down the slopes of volcanoes, often following river valleys, and can be extremely destructive. Formation Cold lava formation can be triggered by several mechanisms: Heavy Rainfall: When intense rain …

GS 3 : Test Flights of Private Rockets in India- Need and Significance. Agnibaan: Taking Flight in India’s Space Industry Agnikul Cosmos, an Indian space startup, successfully completed the first test flight of their two-stage, 14-tonne launch vehicle named Agnibaan. This marked the fifth attempt by Agnikul to test the …

Introduction Define Healthcare-Associated Infections (HCAIs): Infections acquired by patients while receiving medical care in a hospital or other healthcare setting. Highlight the global concern: HCAIs pose a significant public health threat worldwide, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Emphasize the Indian context: The situation in India is particularly …

X chromosome revival in older women increases risk of autoimmune disease GS Paper III: Questions related to biotechnology or genetic engineering might benefit from knowing about chromosomes. These fields use techniques like Karyotyping (Chromosomal Analysis). If a question asks about advancements in Genetics or the Human Genome Project, a basic …

Introduction The Indian government, recognizing the critical role of semiconductors in the digital age, launched the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) in 2021. This initiative aims to address the country’s dependence on foreign chipmakers and foster a robust domestic semiconductor ecosystem Objectives of the ISM The ISM has a multi-pronged approach …