Prelims Bits
Context
Researchers have developed an enhanced CRISPR variant called dCas9 (deactivated Cas9), which aids solanaceous crops such as tomatoes and potatoes in withstanding environmental stresses like heat and pathogens.
How It Works:
Unlike conventional CRISPR, which cuts DNA, dCas9 does not modify DNA permanently. Instead, it works as a genetic switch, capable of activating or deactivating specific genes only when required, such as during stress conditions.
Development:
Scientists used a fragment of a natural protein (NACMTF3) found in tomatoes to build this system.
They targeted two stress-response genes:
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- NAC2
- HSFA6b
These genes helped tomato plants remain greener, retain water, and stay healthy under heat stress.
Significance:
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- Activates the plant’s defence mechanisms only during stress, conserving energy.
- Promotes resilience against climate-related challenges.
- Has potential applications in other crops like eggplants and chillies, aiding climate-resilient agriculture.
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