Cyprus

Prelims Bits

Context:

Prime Minister Narendra Modi became the first Indian PM in over two decades to visit Cyprus and received the Grand Cross of the Order of Makarios III, the country’s top civilian award.

About Cyprus:

• Location: An island situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey and southeast of Greece.

• Size: It is the third-largest island in the Mediterranean, following Sicily and Sardinia.
• Geopolitical Identity: Although geographically part of Asia, Cyprus is politically associated with Europe and is a member of the European Union.
• Surrounding Nations by Sea: Shares maritime borders with Turkey (north), Syria (east), and Lebanon (southeast).
• Topography: Dominated by two mountain ranges – the Kyrenia and Troodos ranges; Mount Olympus is the highest point.
• The Cyprus Conflict: Since 1974, the island has remained split between the Turkish-controlled northern region and the southern area governed by Greek Cypriots. This is commonly referred to as the Cyprus problem.
• India’s Stance: India backs a solution based on a bi-zonal, bi-communal federation in line with UN Security Council resolutions.

Importance of Cyprus for India:

• Strategic Balance: Acts as a counterweight to the growing Turkey-Pakistan alliance, especially given Turkey’s vocal support for Pakistan on Kashmir and during events like Operation Sindoor.
• Economic Gateway: A key part of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), aiding India’s connectivity with European markets.
• Investment Source: Ranks among the top 10 foreign investors in India, with total FDI inflows of around USD 14.65 billion from 2000 to 2025.
• EU Relations: With Cyprus set to preside over the EU Council in 2026, it could play a supportive role in shaping EU policy in India’s favour.
• Global Forums: Cyprus supports India’s inclusion as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, entry into the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), and greater involvement in global governance bodies.

Grand Cross of the Order of Makarios III:

• Award Status: This is the highest civilian honour granted by the Republic of Cyprus.
• Origin: Instituted in 1991 and named after Archbishop Makarios III, the nation’s founding President.
• Purpose: Recognises distinguished contributions in areas such as diplomacy, peace, and human rights, both within Cyprus and globally.
• Recipients: Typically conferred upon foreign heads of state and prominent dignitaries as a mark of respect and acknowledgment of their role in promoting international goodwill.
• Symbolism: Reflects a commitment to sovereignty, ethical governance, and diplomatic cooperation.