Discovery of Megalithic Footprints in Kerala

Why in News?

Archaeologists have discovered 24 pairs of prehistoric Megalithic footprints and a human figure in Madikkai, Kerala, dating back over 2,000 years. These findings shed light on the cultural practices of the Megalithic period and add to Kerala’s rich prehistoric heritage.

Key Highlights of the Discovery

1. Cultural and Symbolic Importance
   • All footprints point westward, which may symbolize a ritualistic or spiritual significance.
   • Interpretations:
     • Archaeologists suggest they represent souls of the deceased.
     • Local folklore attributes them to a goddess.
2. Age and Historical Context
   • The site is estimated to be over 2,000 years old, linking it to the Megalithic period, a time marked by the use of large stone monuments.
3. Comparison with Other Sites
   • The site shows similarities to prehistoric rock art in Avalakki Pera, Karnataka.
   • Other notable prehistoric finds in Kerala include:
     • Erikulam valiyapara: Temple decorations.
     • Neeleswaram: Running tiger carvings.
     • Cheemeni Ariyittapara: Human figures.
     • Ettukudukka, Kannur: Bull carvings.
     • Edakkal Caves, Wayanad: Prehistoric carvings.

Understanding Megalithic Culture

1. What is Megalithic Culture?
   • Refers to a prehistoric tradition characterized by large stone structures or monuments (megaliths) used as burial sites or ritual markers.
2. Chronology and Spread
   • Dates back to the 3rd century BCE to 1st century CE in South India.
   • Concentrated mainly in the Deccan Plateau and areas south of the Godavari River, but also found in regions like Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Jammu & Kashmir.
3. Key Features of Megalithic Culture
   • Iron Usage: Marked a full-fledged Iron Age, evidenced by iron tools and weapons at sites like Junapani (Vidarbha) and Adichanallur (Tamil Nadu).
   • Rock Paintings: Depict scenes of hunting, cattle raids, and group dancing, providing insights into their social and economic life.

Significance of the Discovery

1. Cultural Insights
   • Highlights the ritualistic practices and spiritual beliefs of the Megalithic communities.
2. Historical Importance
   • Connects Kerala’s prehistory to the larger Megalithic cultural network of India.
3. Preserving Prehistoric Heritage
   • Adds to our understanding of India’s pre-literate past and emphasizes the need for conserving such sites.

Way Forward

1. Archaeological Preservation
   • Protect the site from encroachments and environmental degradation.
2. Research and Documentation
   • Conduct further studies to uncover the purpose and origin of the footprints.
3. Public Awareness and Tourism
   • Promote these sites as part of Kerala’s heritage to encourage responsible tourism and awareness about India’s prehistoric culture.