GS 3 – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Context:
On 24 August 2025, ISRO successfully carried out the first Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT-1) in Bengaluru, marking a major milestone in preparations for India’s first human spaceflight mission, Gaganyaan.
Key Highlights of the Test
- Objective: To demonstrate the parachute-based deceleration system of the crew module in real-world conditions.
- Procedure:
- A dummy crew capsule weighing ~5 tonnes was lifted by an IAF Chinook helicopter.
- The capsule was released mid-air, and parachutes deployed in a pre-defined sequence.
- The system slowed the capsule to a safe splashdown speed.
- Importance:
- Tests the critical recovery mechanism that will be used to safely return astronauts.
- Validates parachute deployment sequence after atmospheric re-entry.
Gaganyaan Mission – Risk Phases
- Ascent Phase – Launch risks.
- Re-entry/Descent Phase – Capsule deceleration via heat shields, drogue parachutes, and main parachutes.
- Splashdown & Recovery Phase – Safe landing and crew rescue at sea.
National Collaboration
The test involved multiple agencies:
- Indian Air Force – helicopter support.
- DRDO, Indian Navy, Coast Guard – safety, recovery and system validation.
- Part of India’s efforts at “human-rating” launch and recovery systems.
Progress Update (as per MoS Science & Tech Jitendra Singh)
- Propulsion systems for crew & service modules – developed and tested.
- Environmental Control & Life Support System (ECLSS) – model realised.
- Crew Escape System (CES): 5 types of motors developed & tested.
- Infrastructure created: Orbital Module Preparation Facility, Gaganyaan Control Centre, Crew Training Facility, modifications at Second Launch Pad.
- Precursor missions (including test vehicle flights) are ongoing.