GRAVITATIONAL LENSING AND THE DISCOVERY OF DISTANT STARS

PRELIMS BITS

Recent astrophysical advancements have unveiled 44 previously unknown stars in a distant galaxy cluster using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the phenomenon of gravitational lensing. This research, led by Chiba University, Japan, and 45 international partners, sheds light on star formation during the Universe’s “cosmic noon”, a peak era of stellar activity.

What is Gravitational Lensing?

Gravitational lensing occurs when a massive foreground galaxy cluster bends and magnifies light from a more distant galaxy. In this study, the Abell 370 cluster acted as a natural lens, stretching the light from the Dragon Arc galaxy into elongated, magnified forms.

Key Discoveries:

  • Stars Identified:
    • 44 individual stars, confirmed based on brightness variations, distinct from clusters or supernovae.
    • Many are red supergiants, massive stars often obscured by cosmic dust.
  • Cosmic Noon:
    • A period 8–10 billion years ago when star formation peaked.
    • Observations reveal differences in star behaviour compared to the present day.

Role of the JWST:

  • Provided high-resolution, year-long observations.
  • Enabled researchers to peer through cosmic dust, revealing stars previously hidden.
  • Transformed our understanding of star formation in distant galaxies.

Future Research:

  • Further studies on the Dragon Arc aim to identify distinct stellar populations magnified by Abell 370.
  • Insights into cosmic evolution and processes shaping galaxies during critical periods.

This groundbreaking research not only enhances our knowledge of the Universe’s history but also demonstrates the power of gravitational lensing and cutting-edge technology like the JWST in exploring the cosmos.

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