GS2 – International Relations
Context:
The Indian Prime Minister recently visited Argentina as part of a broader outreach to the Global South, strengthening bilateral cooperation.
Geographical & Economic Significance of Argentina
- Location:
Southern South America; borders Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, and the Atlantic Ocean. - Key Cities and Features:
- Capital: Buenos Aires
- Ushuaia is the world’s southernmost city.
- Landscape includes the Andes Mountains, Pampas plains, and Patagonia Plateau.
- Rivers like Parana and Rio de la Plata support agriculture and trade.
- Natural Resources:
- Holds 3rd largest global lithium reserves, 4th in lithium production.
- 2nd largest shale gas reserves and 4th largest shale oil reserves globally.
India-Argentina Bilateral Relations
Historical Ties
- Early Interactions:
Argentine traveller Lucio V Mansilla visited India in 1848.
In 1924, Rabindranath Tagore visited Argentina, fostering cultural bonds in art, music, and philosophy.
Tagore composed the poetry collection Purabi during his stay. - Diplomatic Milestones:
- PM Indira Gandhi’s visit in 1968 was the last major diplomatic engagement before the recent one.
- In 2024, both countries celebrated 75 years of diplomatic relations.
Areas of Cooperation
- Political Engagement:
Elevated to a Strategic Partnership in 2019. - Trade Relations:
- India was Argentina’s 5th largest trading partner in 2024.
- Bilateral trade volume: ~$5.2 billion.
- India’s exports: Petrochemicals, yarn, fabrics, pharmaceuticals.
- India’s imports: Vegetable oils, minerals, residual oils.
- Energy Collaboration:
- Argentina is part of the Lithium Triangle (with Chile & Bolivia).
- Indian company KABIL is exploring 15,000 hectares for lithium extraction in Catamarca Province.
- Defence Cooperation:
- HAL signed an MoU on helicopter spare parts and maintenance.
- Joint commitment to counter-terrorism cooperation.