India’s Role in the Global South

GS2 – International Relations

Context:

PM Modi’s visits to Ghana, Trinidad & Tobago, and Argentina enroute to the BRICS Summit reaffirmed India’s commitment to championing the Global South.

Understanding the Global South:

Comprises developing nations in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Oceania, sharing a legacy of colonialism and common developmental challenges.

Significance:
  • Represents 80% of global population.
  • Promotes multipolarity and alternative development through BRICS+, G77, NAM, and IBSA.
  • Influences multilateral reform agendas (climate finance, vaccine equity, WTO rules).
Challenges to India’s Leadership:
  • Limited humanitarian response to crises in Gaza and Sudan.
  • Loss in UNESCO Vice-Chair election.
  • Growing alignment with the West has led to credibility concerns.
  • Discontent over BRICS expansion and lack of consensus on UNSC reform.
  • Non-renewal of PLI schemes raises industrial policy concerns.
India’s Recalibration Efforts:
  • Balanced diplomacy on Palestine and strategic neutrality.
  • Advocated inclusion of the AU in G20 and UNSC reforms.
  • Offered UPI, Co-WIN, and other digital public infrastructure as tech partnerships.
  • Promoted ITEC training and concessional credit for developmental cooperation.
  • Engaged in cultural diplomacy through diaspora outreach.
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