INDIA’S STRATEGIC ENGAGEMENT WITH THE TALIBAN

PRELIMS BITS 

India has intensified its diplomatic engagement with the Taliban, navigating a complex geopolitical landscape to safeguard its national and regional interests. Since the Taliban’s rise to power in August 2021, these interactions reflect India’s effort to address security concerns and maintain influence in Afghanistan.

Key Drivers of Engagement

1. Regional Rivalries:
   • Pakistan: Tensions have risen between the Taliban and Pakistan, especially after Pakistani airstrikes caused civilian casualties.
   • Iran: Iran’s influence has diminished due to its regional challenges and conflicts involving its proxies.
2. Shifting Global Alliances:
   • Russia: Previously labeling the Taliban as terrorists, Russia now views them as partners against terrorism, influenced by its focus on Ukraine.
   • China: China’s involvement in Afghanistan through resource exploitation and development projects under the Belt and Road Initiative raises India’s strategic concerns.
3. US Policy Uncertainty:
   • India monitors potential policy changes in the US, particularly with the prospect of Donald Trump’s return to the White House, which could affect Afghanistan’s stability.

India’s Diplomatic Initiatives

• Notable Figures:
  • Deepak Mittal: First Indian ambassador to meet Taliban representatives in Qatar.
  • Vikram Misri: India’s Foreign Secretary, engaged with Taliban officials in Dubai.
  • Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai: A Taliban leader and former cadet of India’s Military Academy, signaling historic ties.
• Humanitarian Aid:
  • India has invested USD 3 billion over two decades in development projects, including infrastructure, education, and health.
  • Commitments to humanitarian aid continue, with the Taliban acknowledging India’s contributions.

Security Priorities

• Counterterrorism:
  • India seeks Taliban cooperation to prevent threats from groups like the Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP).
  • The safety of Indian personnel and projects in Afghanistan is paramount.
• Strategic Infrastructure:
  • Chabahar Port remains vital for bypassing Pakistan in connecting India with Afghanistan for trade and development.