GS2 – International Relations
Context:
Amid growing geopolitical flux and waning U.S. global leadership, India is reinforcing its multilateral engagement, especially through BRICS.
Strategic Importance of BRICS
- Global Influence:
Now a bloc of 11 nations, BRICS represents nearly half of the global population and 40% of the world’s GDP. - Diversity & Resilience:
Unlike the G7, BRICS includes a mix of political systems and economic models, giving it both depth and complexity. - Alternative to the West:
In a world marked by U.S. retreat and a weakened global institutional order (WTO, WHO), BRICS offers strategic autonomy and a negotiation platform. - South-South Cooperation:
Enhances the collective voice of the Global South and promotes a multipolar vision of global governance.
Highlights of the 2025 Rio BRICS Summit
- Expanded Membership:
First summit post-2024 expansion, welcomed new Global South countries—greater inclusivity, but also complexity in consensus-building. - Geopolitical Stance:
Strongly condemned Israel’s attack on Iran, with India supporting the resolution—reflecting a shift towards foreign policy independence. - Focus Areas:
Discussed ethical AI, climate change, public health, and global governance reforms. - Push for De-dollarisation:
Though a joint currency is not planned, members are increasing trade in national currencies and encouraging non-dollar trade benchmarks.
Strategic Benefits for India
- Diplomatic Autonomy:
Reinforces India’s multi-engagement strategy, resisting unilateral Western influence. - Leadership in Global South:
Aligning with BRICS on critical issues enhances India’s soft power and moral authority. - Economic Diversification:
Participation in non-dollar trade mechanisms reduces dependency on the US dollar.
Way Forward for India in BRICS
- Promote Synergy over Rivalry:
Balance involvement in BRICS, G20, Quad, and G7 to leverage complementary strengths. - Shape Emerging Norms:
Use BRICS to influence rules on tech, climate, and finance, reflecting Global South priorities. - Elevate Global South Voice:
Champion issues like terrorism, digital divide, energy transition, and universal healthcare. - Enhance Strategic Resilience:
Use BRICS as a buffer against global uncertainties like trade wars and currency shocks.