Nitrogen Dioxide Pollution And Its Impact On Crop Yield

PRELIMS BITS: 

Sources and Formation:

  • Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) forms during the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.
  • Key sources include vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and coal-fired power plants.

Health Effects:

  • NO₂ exposure causes airway inflammation, worsens respiratory conditions, and reduces lung function.
  • Children and individuals with respiratory illnesses face higher risks.

Agricultural Impact:

  • NO₂ emissions significantly affect wheat and rice yields in India.
  • Coal power plants contribute to declines in crop productivity, with losses estimated at nearly $1 billion annually.
  • The pollutant impacts crops within a 100 km radius of emission sources.

Statistical Findings:

  • A Stanford study examined data from 144 power plants and satellite observations.
  • Results showed clear links between elevated NO₂ levels and reduced agricultural output.

Mitigation Strategies:

  • Venting range hoods outdoors and using electric or induction stoves can reduce indoor NO₂ exposure.
  • Regulatory measures on coal-fired power plants are crucial to minimize emissions.

Economic Implications:

  • Eliminating NO₂ emissions could boost agricultural productivity by $420 million for rice and $400 million for wheat annually.
  • Reduced emissions during key growing periods would enhance food security and economic stability.
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