PRELIMS BITS:
Sources and Formation:
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) forms during the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.
- Key sources include vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and coal-fired power plants.
Health Effects:
- NO₂ exposure causes airway inflammation, worsens respiratory conditions, and reduces lung function.
- Children and individuals with respiratory illnesses face higher risks.
Agricultural Impact:
- NO₂ emissions significantly affect wheat and rice yields in India.
- Coal power plants contribute to declines in crop productivity, with losses estimated at nearly $1 billion annually.
- The pollutant impacts crops within a 100 km radius of emission sources.
Statistical Findings:
- A Stanford study examined data from 144 power plants and satellite observations.
- Results showed clear links between elevated NO₂ levels and reduced agricultural output.
Mitigation Strategies:
- Venting range hoods outdoors and using electric or induction stoves can reduce indoor NO₂ exposure.
- Regulatory measures on coal-fired power plants are crucial to minimize emissions.
Economic Implications:
- Eliminating NO₂ emissions could boost agricultural productivity by $420 million for rice and $400 million for wheat annually.
- Reduced emissions during key growing periods would enhance food security and economic stability.