Thai Sacbrood Virus (TSBV)

Context

The Thai Sacbrood Virus (TSBV) poses a significant threat to Asiatic honey bees, endangering their populations and the ecosystems they support.

About Thai Sacbrood Virus (TSBV)

• TSBV is a variant of the Sacbrood Virus (SBV), which affects honey bee colonies.
• First identified in Thailand in 1976, the virus caused catastrophic losses in South India during 1991-92, destroying over 90% of the bee colonies at the time. It resurfaced in Telangana in 2021 and has also been reported in China and Vietnam.
• The virus targets bee larvae, leading to reduced colony populations.
• Symptoms include an uneven brood pattern, discolored or sunken cappings, and perforated surfaces scattered across the brood.

About the Asian Honeybee (Apis cerana)

• Found across South Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, and parts of Southeast Asia like Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia.
• Among the most domesticated bee species in the region, it plays a vital role in agriculture due to its adaptability and resilience.
• Known for its calm demeanor and robust colony defense mechanisms, including hive thermoregulation by wing fanning.
• Produces honey renowned for its nutritional and medicinal benefits.

Indigenous Bee Species in India

India is home to over 700 bee species, including four primary indigenous honeybees:

1. Asiatic Honey Bee (Apis cerana indica)
2. Giant Rock Bee (Apis dorsata)
3. Dwarf Honey Bee (Apis florea)
4. Stingless Bee (Trigona sp.)

Government Initiatives for Honey Bee Conservation

1. National Beekeeping & Honey Mission (NBHM)

• Objective: Foster the beekeeping industry for income generation, employment, agricultural production enhancement, and infrastructure development.
• Key Components:
  • Integrated Beekeeping Development Centres (IBDCs)
  • Honey and bee disease diagnostic labs
  • Custom hiring centres and Api-therapy centres
  • Development of nucleus stock
  • Empowering women through beekeeping

2. Madhukranti Portal

• Objective: Provide online registration and support to beekeepers.
• Features:
  • Offers resources and assistance for beekeeping activities
  • Ensures better management and support for beekeepers

3. Honey Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)

• Objective: Enhance collective marketing and production efficiency for beekeepers.
• Benefits:
  • Facilitates market access
  • Improves production techniques
  • Increases beekeeper incomes