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Tuna Fish

  • Habitat and Distribution:
    • Tuna are pelagic marine fish, inhabiting surface waters of tropical, subtropical, and temperate oceans.
    • Found across all oceans, they thrive in tropical and temperate regions.
  • Species:
    • Seven primary species are consumed by humans:
      1. Albacore
      2. Skipjack
      3. Yellowfin
      4. Three species of bluefin tuna (Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Bluefin).
  • Adaptations:
    • Unlike most fish, tuna are warm-blooded; their body temperatures can be 12°C higher than surrounding water, giving them superior speed and stamina.
    • Known for their long-distance migrations, tuna travel incredible distances across oceans.
    • Significance of Tuna Clusters
    • Tuna clusters are initiatives aimed at creating hubs for tuna fisheries to achieve the following:
    • Economies of scale: Optimize resource utilization and reduce costs.
    • Increased incomes: Improve earnings for fishers and farmers through organized production and better market access.
    • Organized growth: Boost sustainable fisheries development and supply chains.
    • Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)
    • Launch: September 2020.
    • Objective: To double incomes of fishers and farmers by improving fisheries production, employment, and infrastructure.
    • Key Focus Areas:
    • Employment Generation:
    • Activities like seaweed farming and ornamental fish cultivation.
    • Breeding Techniques:
    • Focus on producing quality brood, seed, and feed.
    • Emphasis on species diversification.
    • Structure of the Scheme:
    • Components:
    • Central Sector Scheme (CS)
    • Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS)
    • CSS Subcomponents:
    • Non-Beneficiary Oriented: Focus on common infrastructure like cold chains and hatcheries.
    • Beneficiary Oriented: Support for fishers and entrepreneurs.
    • Three Main Focus Areas:
    • Enhancement of Production and Productivity:
    • Advanced aquaculture techniques, seed production, and feed management.
    • Infrastructure and Post-Harvest Management:
    • Development of cold storage, processing units, and transportation.
    • Fisheries Management and Regulatory Framework:
    • Sustainable fishing practices and governance mechanisms.
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