2024 – A YEAR OF CLIMATE CRISIS: UN REPORT

MAINS – GS3 – ENVIRONMENT

The United Nations has issued a stark warning about the intensifying climate crisis, marked by unprecedented weather extremes and alarming greenhouse gas emissions. Global leaders are being urged to take swift action to mitigate the escalating environmental disaster.

Key Highlights of the Report

1. Extreme Weather Events

• Record Rainfall and Floods:
  • Severe floods caused widespread damage in multiple regions, with significant human and economic losses.
• Tropical Cyclones:
  • The Indian Ocean island of Mayotte suffered extensive damage from cyclones.
• Heatwaves and Wildfires:
  • Many regions reported temperatures exceeding 50°C, triggering devastating wildfires and widespread destruction.

2. Global Temperature Trends

• Record-breaking Heat:
  • November 2024 saw global temperatures rise 1.54°C above pre-industrial levels, making 2024 the hottest year on record, surpassing 2023.
• Paris Agreement at Risk:
  • The 2015 Paris Agreement aimed to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C and ideally 1.5°C. Current trends indicate the 1.5°C threshold may soon be breached.

3. Calls for Immediate Action

• UN Secretary-General’s Appeal:
  • Antonio Guterres described the crisis as a “climate breakdown,” urging:
    • Drastic emission reductions by 2025.
    • Rapid adoption of renewable energy sources.
• WMO Alarms:
  • The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) consistently highlights extreme heat as a growing threat, necessitating urgent global responses.

4. Future Focus Areas

• WMO’s 75th Anniversary (2025):
  • Plans to focus on Earth’s frozen regions:
    • Monitoring sea ice, glaciers, and permafrost.
    • Enhancing climate services and early warning systems to protect vulnerable communities.

Key Notes for Reference

• WMO (World Meteorological Organization):
  • Established in 1950, it plays a vital role in monitoring global weather and climate patterns.
  • Provides critical data to address climate challenges.
• Mayotte:
  • A French overseas department in the Indian Ocean, known for its volcanic landscapes and marine biodiversity. It faces significant climate challenges, including rising sea levels and extreme weather.
• Permafrost:
  • Permanently frozen ground found in polar regions. Its thawing due to rising temperatures releases greenhouse gases, accelerating global warming and disrupting ecosystems and infrastructure.

The UN’s report underscores the urgency of collaborative global efforts to address the escalating climate crisis, focusing on reducing emissions and transitioning to sustainable energy solutions.