SACRED GROVES: GUARDIANS OF CONSERVATION

GS3: ENVIRONMENT

Introduction

• India is home to 990 Protected Conservation Areas (PCAs) and over 1 million sacred forests. Sacred groves are culturally significant areas protected by traditional beliefs and practices.

What are Sacred Groves?

• Found in states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Uttarakhand.
• Small forest patches that act as biodiversity hotspots.
• Rooted in Hindu traditions, they preserve nature and uphold spiritual values.

Examples of Sacred Groves

1. Dev Bhoomi, Uttarakhand:
   • Known as the “Land of Gods,” home to 133 sacred groves.
   • Protected by local customs, these alpine meadows prohibit harm to plants, animals, and sacred objects.
2. Pudupet Sacred Grove, Tamil Nadu:
   • Dedicated to deity Ayyanar, located in Cuddalore district.
   • Features ancient tamarind and banyan trees and supports local biodiversity.

Why Sacred Groves Matter

• Preserve biodiversity and undisturbed habitats for plants and animals. Provide clean water, meeting WHO standards in many cases. Maintain cultural heritage and community identity.

India’s Efforts to Protect Sacred Groves

1. Government Programs: Protection under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. Financial and technical support for grove preservation.
2. Mapping and Research: Documenting sacred groves to understand their ecological value.
3. Community Participation: Involving local communities in conservation efforts. Supporting eco-friendly livelihoods, like cultivating medicinal plants.
4. Awareness and Education: Campaigns to teach younger generations about the importance of sacred groves.
5. Global Alignment: Recognizing sacred groves under international standards like the IUCN Green List.

Challenges

• Threats from deforestation, urbanization, and industrial development.
• Declining interest among younger generations in cultural traditions.

Way Forward

• NGOs like the Devrai Foundation promote community-driven initiatives and sustainable practices.
• Combining conservation with cultural and economic benefits to ensure their future.

Conclusion

• Sacred groves are vital for biodiversity, clean water, and cultural heritage.
• Protecting these “guardians of conservation” requires community support, policy initiatives, and education.